Table 1.
Demographic data of the studied subjects.
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | p | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 262 | 247 | 250 | 257 | ||
| Altitude, m | 38 (38, 39) |
53 (52, 54) |
123 (118, 128) |
304 (294, 314) |
p < 0.001 | - |
| Age, years | 71 (70, 72) |
70 * vs. 4
(69, 71) |
70 (69, 71) |
71 (70, 72) |
0.01 | 0.011 b |
| Sex, % male | 37.4 | 38.1 | 41.6 | 41.6 | 0.65 | 0.04 c |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.2 (21.8, 22.6) |
22.2 (21.8, 22.7) |
21.9 (21.5, 22.2) |
22.5 (22.2, 22.9) |
0.09 | 0.006 b |
| SBP, mmHg | 129 (127, 131) |
128 (126, 130) |
127 (125, 129) |
128 (126, 130) |
0.78 | 0.001 b |
| DBP, mmHg | 77 (76, 79) |
78 (76, 79) |
76 (75, 78) |
77 (76, 79) |
0.49 | 0.002 b |
| Antihypertensive drug, % yes | 35.9 | 32.8 | 38.4 | 43.6 | 0.08 | 0.081 c |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 66 (64, 68) |
64 (62, 66) |
66 (64, 68) |
63 (61, 65) |
0.14 | 0.005 b |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 123 (119, 126) |
124 (120, 127) |
118 (115, 122) |
121 (118, 125) |
0.17 | 0.005 b |
| TG a, mg/dL | 85.4 (81.3, 89.7) |
89.1 (84.3, 94.2) |
83.7 (79.5, 88.1) |
83.4 (79.3, 87.8) |
0.26 | 0.004 b |
| Antihyperlipidemic drug, % yes | 23.3 | 17.8 | 18.8 | 21.4 | 0.41 | 0.054 c |
| HbA1c a, % | 5.32 (5.27, 5.37) |
5.35 (5.30, 5.41) |
5.39 (5.33, 5.44) |
5.48 * vs. 1, 2
(5.43, 5.54) |
p < 0.001 | 0.019 b |
| Antidiabetic drugs, % yes | 4.6 | 3.6 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 0.72 | 0.036 c |
| Activity, % high activity |
47.3 | 46.6 | 48.0 | 50.6 | 0.82 | 0.03 c |
| Drinking, % yes | 44.7 | 42.3 | 54.0 | 47.7 | 0.05 | 0.087 c |
| Smoking, % yes | 5.3 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 0.67 | 0.039 c |
| Driving, % yes | 67.9 | 72.0 | 76.8 | 67.3 | 0.07 | 0.083 c |
Abbreviations; BMI—body mass index, SBP and DBP—systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C—high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C—low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG—triglyceride, HbA1c—hemoglobin A1c. a log-transformed HbA1c and TG were used in the analysis, and a 95% confidence interval is shown in a blanket instead of SD. *; significantly different from the quartile 4 (vs. 4) or the quartiles 1 and 2 (vs. 1, 2). Bonferroni’s test was used for multiple comparisons. b, c; to obtain effect sizes, η2 b or Cramer’s V c was used.