Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study participants classified by the presence of different gender and Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
| Characteristics | Meale (n = 764) | Female (n = 1205) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAFLD (−) (n = 410) |
NAFLD (+) (n = 354) |
p | NAFLD (−) (n = 733) |
NAFLD (+) (n = 472) |
p | |
| The severity of NAFLD | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Absent | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | ||
| Mild | 0 | 50.3 | 0 | 54.9 | ||
| Moderate | 0 | 40.6 | 0 | 40.5 | ||
| Sever | 0 | 5.6 | 0 | 4.7 | ||
| Age (year) | 56.36 ± 14.47 | 53.86 ± 13.41 | 0.014 | 53.20 ± 13.85 | 57.03 ± 11.77 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 129.83 ± 17.56 | 133.49 ± 17.13 | 0.004 | 128.22 ± 21.25 | 137.28 ± 19.67 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.81 ± 10.82 | 80.73 ± 11.31 | <0.001 | 75.05 ± 12.28 | 77.74 ± 10.45 | <0.001 |
| Current smoking (%) | 24.14 | 28.77 | 0.148 | 3.16 | 1.92 | 0.194 |
| Diabetes mellitus history (%) | 10.00 | 13.84 | 0.100 | 5.32 | 16.31 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension history (%) | 26.59 | 30.23 | 0.265 | 17.05 | 31.78 | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia history (%) | 2.20 | 4.80 | 0.047 | 0.82 | 2.75 | 0.008 |
| MetS (%) | 22.98 | 50.56 | <0.001 | 18.33 | 55.08 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||||
| AST (U/L) | 26.28 ± 7.93 | 31.79 ± 14.82 | <0.001 | 24.58 ± 8.05 | 28.21 ± 13.60 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 23.77 ± 14.56 | 39.88 ± 28.01 | <0.001 | 18.50 ± 11.50 | 27.77 ± 17.69 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 98.52 ± 24.16 | 104.76 ± 30.37 | 0.002 | 93.17 ± 18.80 | 108.39 ± 33.77 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 99.5 (74–138.25) | 146.5 (100.75–217) | <0.001 | 82 (61–116.5) | 128 (96.25–175) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.04 ± 37.06 | 196.74 ± 37.49 | 0.171 | 203.02 ± 36.94 | 207.12 ± 37.34 | 0.062 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49.00 ± 11.08 | 42.94 ± 8.42 | <0.001 | 60.43 ± 13.71 | 52.19 ± 11.47 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 118.56 ± 33.83 | 121.22 ± 33.06 | 0.274 | 117.14 ± 32.26 | 125.40 ± 36.86 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 88.31 ± 13.07 | 89.86 ± 12.87 | 0.099 | 90.51 ± 19.12 | 87.98 ± 16.88 | 0.019 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.40 ± 1.41 | 6.74 ± 1.57 | 0.002 | 4.92 ± 1.25 | 5.46 ± 1.26 | <0.001 |
| Obesity-related indices | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.42 ± 3.25 | 26.97 ± 3.38 | <0.001 | 23.11 ± 3.45 | 26.64 ± 3.91 | <0.001 |
| WHtR | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.49 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 0.001 | 0.82 ± 0.08 | 0.87± 0.07 | <0.001 |
| LAP | 29.56 ± 27.01 | 55.65 ± 44.30 | <0.001 | 21.85 ± 19.51 | 47.26 ± 43.12 | <0.001 |
| BRI | 3.67 ± 1.11 | 4.35 ± 1.11 | <0.001 | 3.31 ± 1.24 | 4.41 ± 1.27 | <0.001 |
| CI | 1.23 ± 0.08 | 1.26 ± 0.07 | <0.001 | 1.18 ± 0.09 | 1.22 ± 0.09 | <0.001 |
| VAI | 3.41 ± 2.66 | 5.84 ± 5.11 | <0.001 | 3.17 ± 2.43 | 6.16 ± 8.21 | <0.001 |
| BAI | 26.48 ± 3.53 | 27.89 ± 3.78 | <0.001 | 30.36 ± 4.37 | 33.03 ± 4.88 | <0.001 |
| AVI | 15.08 ± 2.86 | 17.18 ± 3.15 | <0.001 | 12.38 ± 2.88 | 14.78 ± 3.19 | <0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.51 ± 0.56 | 8.94 ± 0.62 | <0.001 | 8.27 ± 0.53 | 8.83 ± 0.62 | <0.001 |
| HSI | 31.7 ± 4.8 | 36.9 ± 5.2 | <0.001 | 31.1 ± 4.4 | 36.7 ± 5.2 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; BP, blood pressure; MetS, metabolic syndrome; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; WHR, waist–hip ratio; LAP, lipid accumulation product; BRI, body roundness index; CI, conicity index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; BAI, body adiposity index; AVI, abdominal volume index; TyG index, triglyceride glucose index; HIS, hepatic steatosis index.