Table 1.
Characteristics of the index fragility fracture cohort
| Characteristic | n (%)a |
|---|---|
| Total number of patients in cohort | 115,776 |
| Sex | |
| Women | 83,690 (72.3) |
| Men | 32,086 (27.7) |
| Age (years) | |
| Median (IQR) | 81 (74–87) |
| Mean (SD) | 80.4 (8.3) |
| 66–70 | 17,998 (15.5) |
| 71–75 | 17,847 (15.4) |
| 76–80 | 20,596 (17.8) |
| 81–85 | 24,119 (20.8) |
| ≥ 86 | 35,216 (30.4) |
| Index fracture by siteb | |
| Hip | 31,613 (27.3) |
| Wrist (distal radius, or both distal radius and ulna) | 17,859 (15.4) |
| Clavicle/ribs/sternum | 14,559 (12.6) |
| Humerus | 13,237 (11.4) |
| Tibia/fibula/knee (including medial and lateral malleolus) | 10,894 (9.4) |
| Pelvis | 8328 (7.2) |
| Vertebral (clinical) | 7721 (6.7) |
| Radius/ulna (proximal, midshaft, or distal ulna only) | 4828 (4.2) |
| Multisite | 3735 (3.2) |
| Femur | 3002 (2.6) |
| Index fracture at any site by yearb | |
| 2011 | 25,154 |
| 2012 | 26,045 |
| 2013 | 27,969 |
| 2014 | 29,385 |
| 2015b | 7223 |
| Index fragility fracture treatment location | |
| Urban | 103,720 (89.6) |
| Rural | 10,626 (9.2) |
| Missing | 1430 (1.2) |
| Respiratory conditionsc | |
| Asthma | 17,538 (15.1) |
| COPD | 33,485 (28.9) |
| Inflammatory conditionsc | |
| RA | 4459 (3.9) |
| Psoriasis | 8076 (7.0) |
| SPA | 5084 (4.4) |
| Osteoarthritis | 88,223 (76.2) |
| Cancerc | 8390 (7.2) |
| Chronic kidney diseasec | 13,757 (11.9) |
| Diabetesc | 35,434 (30.6) |
| Vascular eventsc | |
| MI | 8175 (7.1) |
| Stroke or Cerebrovascular Events | 35,030 (30.3) |
| Dementiac | 24,092 (20.8) |
| OP treatmentd | |
| Any OP treatment | 32,757 (28.3) |
| Bisphosphonate | 29,030 (25.1) |
| Denosumab | 1578 (1.4) |
| HRT | 3597 (3.1) |
| Raloxifene | 656 (0.6) |
| Teriparatide | 0 (0) |
| Steroid used | 3340 (2.9) |
| Opioid used | 34,834 (30.1) |
Abbreviations: COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HRT hormone replacement therapy, IQR interquartile range, MI myocardial infarction, OP osteoporosis, RA rheumatoid arthritis, SD standard deviation, SPA spondyloarthritis
aValues reported as n (%) unless otherwise indicated; percent of total cohort (N = 115,776)
bIndex fragility fracture cases from January 1, 2011 to March 31, 2015
cTime frame for cancer was within 5 years prior to index date and for all other comorbidities any time prior to index date
dDispensed within one year prior to index fracture; assessed based on public coverage