Table 2.
Medical information
Family | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family 1 | Family 2 | |||||
Ethnicity | Roma (Polish) | Arab (Saudi) | ||||
COPB1 variant |
NM_016451.4:c.957+1G>T (homozygous) GRCh37:g.14504577C>A |
NM_016451.4: c.1651T>G p.(Phe551Val) (homozygous) GRCh37:g.14496127A>C |
||||
Patient ID | IV2 | IV3 | IV7 | IV8 | IV9 | IV4 |
Eye disease |
Unilateral nuclear sclerotic cataract noted at 13y with dense amblyopia Divergent squint |
Bilateral cataracts noted age 7y, lens aspiration and intraocular implants at age 8y | Developed cataracts | Developed cataracts | Developed cataracts, intraocular lens in place | Developed cataracts |
Endocrine/metabolic disease |
Hirsutism, axillary acanthosis, early menarche age 9y Raised BMI |
Hirsutism, insulin resistance, axillary acanthosis Raised BMI |
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Neurological symptoms | Focal seizures at age 14y, EEG normal, treated with levetiracetam | Spasticity | Spasticity, mostly upper limbs |
Spasticity Dystonia |
Spasticity | |
Brain imaging | Normal | Mild generalised atrophy | Normal | |||
Immune disorders | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Dysmorphic features | Up-slanting palpebral fissures, high narrow palate, tapering fingers | Up-slanting palpebral fissures, high narrow palate, tapering fingers | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available |
Skin | Large café au lait, striae distensae | Benign nodular prurigo, striae distensae | ||||
Other medical problems |
Pes planus Kyphosis and mild scoliosis Migraine |
Plano valgus foot deformity Kyphosis |
All subjects from Family 1 and Family 2 developed cataracts. Subjects from Family 1 developed a metabolic syndrome with obesity, hirsutism and insulin resistance or diabetes. Though no major abnormalities were identified on brain imaging, some individuals have neurological symptoms with seizures in one participant (Family 1) and spasticity being present in Family 2. Family 2 also have an immunodeficiency with lymphopenia and inadequate antibody response titres