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. 2021 Feb 25;13:34. doi: 10.1186/s13073-021-00850-w

Table 2.

Medical information

Family
Family 1 Family 2
Ethnicity Roma (Polish) Arab (Saudi)
COPB1 variant

NM_016451.4:c.957+1G>T (homozygous)

GRCh37:g.14504577C>A

NM_016451.4: c.1651T>G p.(Phe551Val)

(homozygous)

GRCh37:g.14496127A>C

Patient ID IV2 IV3 IV7 IV8 IV9 IV4
Eye disease

Unilateral nuclear sclerotic cataract noted at 13y with dense amblyopia

Divergent squint

Bilateral cataracts noted age 7y, lens aspiration and intraocular implants at age 8y Developed cataracts Developed cataracts Developed cataracts, intraocular lens in place Developed cataracts
Endocrine/metabolic disease

Hirsutism, axillary acanthosis, early menarche age 9y

Raised BMI

Hirsutism, insulin resistance, axillary acanthosis

Raised BMI

Neurological symptoms Focal seizures at age 14y, EEG normal, treated with levetiracetam Spasticity Spasticity, mostly upper limbs

Spasticity

Dystonia

Spasticity
Brain imaging Normal Mild generalised atrophy Normal
Immune disorders No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Dysmorphic features Up-slanting palpebral fissures, high narrow palate, tapering fingers Up-slanting palpebral fissures, high narrow palate, tapering fingers Not available Not available Not available Not available
Skin Large café au lait, striae distensae Benign nodular prurigo, striae distensae
Other medical problems

Pes planus

Kyphosis and mild scoliosis

Migraine

Plano valgus foot deformity

Kyphosis

All subjects from Family 1 and Family 2 developed cataracts. Subjects from Family 1 developed a metabolic syndrome with obesity, hirsutism and insulin resistance or diabetes. Though no major abnormalities were identified on brain imaging, some individuals have neurological symptoms with seizures in one participant (Family 1) and spasticity being present in Family 2. Family 2 also have an immunodeficiency with lymphopenia and inadequate antibody response titres