Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of AIS patients in training cohort and validation cohort
| Variables | Total sample (n = 647) | Training cohort (n = 431) | Validation cohort (n = 216) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IDDVT, n (%) | 142 (21.9%) | 96 (22.3%) | 46 (21.3%) | 0.777 |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 68.5 ± 12.1 | 68.9 ± 12.0 | 67.7 ± 12.4 | 0.224 |
| Gender | 0.839 | |||
| male, n (%) | 381 (58.9%) | 255 (59.2%) | 126 (58.3%) | |
| female, n (%) | 266 (41.1%) | 176 (40.8%) | 90 (41.7%) | |
| Subtype of stroke, n (%) | 0.216 | |||
| Large-artery atherosclerosis | 516 (79.8%) | 340 (78.9%) | 176 (81.5%) | |
| Cardioembolism | 80 (12.4%) | 54 (12.5%) | 26 (12.0%) | |
| Small-artery occlusion | 6 (0.9%) | 2 (0.5%) | 4 (1.9%) | |
| Other or undetermined | 25 (3.9%) | 20 (4.6%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
| Unknown | 20 (3.1%) | 15 (3.5%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
| Clinical parameters, n (%) | ||||
| Lower limb paralysis | 248 (38.3%) | 169 (39.2%) | 79 (36.6%) | 0.515 |
| Current pneumonia | 132 (20.4%) | 84 (19.5%) | 48 (22.2%) | 0.416 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 114 (17.6%) | 81 (18.8%) | 33 (15.3%) | 0.268 |
| Arterial hypertension | 504 (77.9%) | 327 (75.9%) | 177 (81.9%) | 0.079 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 236 (36.5%) | 151 (35.0%) | 85 (39.4%) | 0.282 |
| Current malignant tumor | 34 (5.3%) | 21 (4.9%) | 13 (6.0%) | 0.538 |
| Current uarthritis | 27 (4.2%) | 17 (3.9%) | 10 (4.6%) | 0.681 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Albumin (g/L) | 36.9 ± 4.1 | 36.9 ± 4.1 | 37.0 ± 4.0 | 0.812 |
| Fast blood glucose (mmol/L) | 6.0 ± 2.4 | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 6.2 ± 2.7 | 0.255 |
| SCr (μmol/L) | 67.0 (55.0–82.0) | 67.0 (55.0–82.0) | 68.5 (56.0–80.0) | 0.814 |
| Hcy (μmol/L) | 6.5 ± 8.4 | 6.1 ± 3.8 | 7.4 ± 14.0 | 0.162 |
| INR | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.247 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 0.215 |
| D-Dimer (mg/L) | 1.3 (0.9–2.6) | 1.3 (0.9–2.6) | 1.4 (1.0–2.4) | 0.675 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 8.6 (3.3–23.1) | 10.4 (3.4–23.1) | 6.0 (3.2–21.4) | 0.363 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 4.8 (1.1–13.8) | 4.2 (1.2–12.8) | 5.8 (1.1–21.1) | 0.553 |
| Initial treatment in hospital, n (%) | ||||
| Anticoagulants | 200 (30.9%) | 138 (32.0%) | 62 (28.7%) | 0.390 |
| Antiplatelet | 546 (84.4%) | 358 (83.1%) | 188 (87.0%) | 0.189 |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 627 (96.9%) | 417 (96.8%) | 210 (97.2%) | 0.744 |
| Thrombolysis | 76 (11.7%) | 56 (13.0%) | 20 (9.3%) | 0.164 |
| Hormonal treatment | 32 (4.9%) | 20 (4.6%) | 12 (5.6%) | 0.613 |
NOTE. CRP c-reactive protein; Hcy homocysteine; hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IDDVT isolated distal deep venous thrombosis; SCr serum creatinine concentration