Table 2.
Quality assessment of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (Case-Control Studies)
| First Author | Selectiona | Comparabilityb | Exposurec | Score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | A | B | C | ||||
| Caussy [17] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 7 |
| Chierico [18] | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 6 |
| Jiang [19] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 7 |
| Li [20] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 8 |
| Nistal [21] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 7 |
| Özkul [22] | ☆ | ☆ | – | ☆ | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 6 |
| Raman [23] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 8 |
| Shen [24] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 8 |
| Silva [25] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 7 |
| Sobhonslidsuk [26] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 7 |
| Tsai [27] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 7 |
| Wang [28] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 8 |
| Wong [29] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 8 |
| Yun [30] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 7 |
| Zhu [7] | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | – | 8 |
Rank by the beginning letter of the first authors
a1: Is the case definition adequate? 2: Representativeness of the cases. 3: Selection of Controls. 4: Definition of Controls
bComparability: Comparability of cases and controls on the basis of the design or analysis. A maximum of two stars can be given for Comparability
cA: Ascertainment of exposure. B: Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls. C: Nonresponse rate