Table 1.
Patient characteristics and intraoperative variables in the L group and H group.
| Characteristics | L group (n = 69) | H group (n = 78) | P-value |
| Age (yr) | 51.32 ± 1.10 | 49.46 ± 1.11 | .219 |
| Gender (Male/Female) | 27/42 | 30/48 | .934 |
| BMI (kg m-2) | 22.35 ± 0.35 | 23.11 ± 0.35 | .129 |
| ASA (I-II) | 2/67 | 2/76 | .901 |
| Surgery (Open/ Laparoscopic) | 48/21 | 63/15 | .115 |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 86.69 ± 1.32 | 83.87 ± 0.88 | .071 |
| HR (Beats/min) | 73.12 ± 0.82 | 74.92 ± 1.12 | .189 |
| PETCO2 (mm Hg) | 34.39 ± 0.41 | 34.04 ± 0.32 | .500 |
| Mean BIS | 51.52 ± 0.38 | 50.66 ± 0.33 | .087 |
| Area under BIS-time curve | 8276.0 ± 145.2 | 8478.8 ± 179.4 | .182 |
| Sufentanil (Induction) (μg) | 20.92 ± 0.47 | 21.44 ± 0.41 | .412 |
| Cis-atracurium (Induction) (mg) | 13.59 ± 0.34 | 13.94 ± 0.24 | .409 |
| Sufentanil (Until to surgery 2 hours) (μg) | 33.39 ± 0.98 | 32.73 ± 0.98 | .633 |
| Cis-atracurium (Until to surgery 2 hours) (mg) | 11.44 ± 0.47 | 11.01 ± 0.42 | .501 |
| Sufentanil (maintenance)(μg) | 46.98 ± 1.70 | 45.05 ± 1.54 | .401 |
| Cis-atracurium (maintenance)(mg) | 15.84 ± 0.78 | 14.94 ± 0.68 | .389 |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 187.9 ± 8.1 | 190.9 ± 8.2 | .793 |
| Duration of anaesthesia (min) | 214.4 ± 9.2 | 218.5 ± 9.0 | .751 |
| Area under ETsevo-time curve (AUC-ETsevo) | 171.6 ± 3.46 | 361.7 ± 6.40∗ | .001 |
| Nicardipine esmolol | 9 | 6 | .285 |
| Aramine ephedrine | 18 | 20 | .951 |
| Postoperative nausea/vomiting | 10 | 7 | .296 |
| Awareness (number) | 0 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Mean ETsevo (%) | 1.079 ± 0.017 | 2.086 ± 0.020∗ | .001 |
| Tracheal extubation time (min) | 6.62 ± 0.60 | 9.85 ± 0.71∗ | .001 |
BIS = bispectral index, BMI = body mass index, ETsevo = end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane., HR = heart rate, MAP = mean arterial pressure, PETCO2 = end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Data are presented as the mean ± SD, number (%). Normally distributed data were compared with Student's t-test. Categorical data were compared with the chi-squared test. In all analyses, statistical significance was accepted as P ≤ .05.
∗
P < .05 vs the L group.