Table 1.
Predictors of flu and COVID-19 vaccination (adjusted OR: odds ratio; CI: 95% confidence interval).
| Willingness to get vaccinated | |||||
| Variable | Category | Flu Vaccination | |||
| Yes | No | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| N (%) | N (%) | ||||
| Total | 338 (77.52) | 98 (22.48) | |||
| Gender | Female | 231 (75.24) | 76 (24.76) | - | |
| Male | 107 (82.95) | 22 (17.05) | 1.31 (0.75–2.28) | 0.34 | |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||||
| Age | 23.0 (22–25) | 23.0 (21–25) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 0.45 | |
| Faculty | Other | 44 (59.46) | 30 (40.54) | - | - |
| Medicine | 241 (87.96) | 33 (12.04) | 4.89 (2.70–8.85) | <0.0001 | |
| Psychology | 53 (60.23) | 35 (39.77) | 0.99 (0.53–1.85) | ||
| Campus | (Brescia, Milano, Piacenza-Cremona) | 92 (58.97) | 64 (41.03) | - | |
| Rome | 246 (87.86) | 34 (12.14) | 4.95 (3.05–8.06) | <0.0001 | |
| Understand preventive measures | Strongly disagree | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Disagree | 1 (50.00) | 1 (50.00) | 1.53 (1.02–2.29) | 0.038 | |
| Moderate | 7 (50.00) | 7 (50.00) | |||
| Agree | 102 (79.07) | 27 (20.93) | |||
| Strongly agree | 228 (78.35) | 63 (21.65) | |||
| Concern about the COVID-19 pandemic | No | 90 (67.67) | 43 (32.33) | - | |
| Yes | 243 (81.81) | 54 (18.19) | 1.13 (0.99–1.30) | 0.069 | |
| Fear about the increase in deaths | Strongly disagree | 4 (44.44) | 5 (55.56) | - | |
| Disagree | 23 (65.71) | 12 (34.29) | 1.35 (1.05–1.74) | 0.019 | |
| Moderate | 61 (78.21) | 17 (21.79) | |||
| Agree | 120 (80.00) | 30 (20.00) | |||
| Strongly agree | 130 (79.27) | 34 (20.73) | |||
| Fear about the increase in positive cases | Strongly disagree | 5 (41.67) | 7 (58.33) | - | |
| Disagree | 28 (68.29) | 13 (31.71) | 1.44 (1.14–1.83) | 0.003 | |
| Moderate | 67 (75.28) | 22 (24.72) | |||
| Agree | 130 (81.76) | 29 (18.24) | |||
| Strongly agree | 108 (80.00) | 27 (20.00) | |||
| Suffering from distance to fellow students | Strongly disagree | 37 (75.51) | 12 (24.49) | - | |
| Disagree | 39 (70.91) | 16 (29.09) | 1.21 (1.01–1.46) | 0.035 | |
| Moderate | 53 (68.83) | 24 (31.17) | |||
| Agree | 117 (79.05) | 31 (20.95) | |||
| Strongly agree | 92 (85.95) | 15 (14.02) | |||
| Suffering from the impossibility of attending university | Strongly disagree | 35 (79.55) | 9 (20.45) | - | |
| Disagree | 31 (64.58) | 17 (35.42) | 1.20 (1.01–1.44) | 0.042 | |
| Moderate | 40 (71.43) | 16 (28.57) | |||
| Agree | 117 (78.52) | 32 (21.48) | |||
| Strongly agree | 115 (82.73) | 24 (17.27) | |||
| Suffering from distance to friends | Strongly disagree | 11 (68.75) | 5 (31.25) | - | |
| Disagree | 16 (50.00) | 16 (50.00) | 1.31 (1.07–1.60) | 0.009 | |
| Moderate | 49 (75.38) | 16 (24.62) | |||
| Agree | 101 (81.45) | 23 (18.55) | |||
| Strongly agree | 161 (80.90) | 38 (19.10) | |||
| Desire to contribute much more to facing the pandemic | Strongly disagree | 10 (61.50) | 6 (37.50) | - | |
| Disagree | 31 (70.45) | 13 (29.55) | 1.22 (0.98–1.53) | 0.081 | |
| Moderate | 84 (70.59) | 35 (29.41) | |||
| Agree | 124 (82.12) | 27 (17.88) | |||
| Strongly agree | 89 (83.96) | 17 (16.04) | |||
| Previous flu vaccination | No | 128 (61.54) | 80 (38.46) | - | |
| Yes | 210 (92.11) | 18 (7.89) | 5.82 (3.27–10.37) | <0.0001 | |
| COVID-19 vaccine intention | No | 16 (32.00) | 34 (68.00) | - | |
| Yes | 322 (83.42) | 64 (16.58) | 9.58 (4.78–19.19) | <0.0001 | |
| Willingness to get vaccinated | |||||
| Variable | Category | COVID-19 vaccination | |||
| Yes | No | OR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| N (%) | N (%) | ||||
| Total | 386 (88.53) | 50 (11.47) | |||
| Gender | Female | 266 (86.64) | 41 (13.36) | - | |
| Male | 120 (93.02) | 9 (6.98) | 1.82 (0.85–3.92) | 0.12 | |
| Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||||
| Age | 23.0 (22–25) | 23.0 (21–25) | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.657 | |
| Faculty | Other | 66 (89.19) | 8 (10.81) | - | - |
| Medicine | 254 (92.70) | 20 (7.30) | 1.57 (0.66–3.76) | 0.306 | |
| Psychology | 66 (75.00) | 22 (25.00) | 0.38 (0.15–1.01) | 0.051 | |
| Campus | (Brescia, Milano, Piacenza-Cremona) | 128 (82.05) | 28 (17.95) | - | |
| Rome | 258 (92.14) | 22 (7.86) | 2.48 (1.34–4.57) | 0.004 | |
| Understand preventive measures | Strongly disagree | 0 (00.00) | 0 (00.00) | - | |
| Disagree | 1 (50.00) | 1 (50.00) | 1.66 (0.97–2.83) | 0.064 | |
| Moderate | 8 (57.14) | 6 (42.86) | |||
| Agree | 119 (92.25) | 10 (7.75) | |||
| Strongly agree | 258 (88.66) | 33 (11.34) | |||
| Concern about the COVID-19 pandemic | No | 29 (58.00) | 21 (42.00) | - | |
| Yes | 268 (70.53) | 112 (29.47) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) | 0.068 | |
| Fear about the increase in deaths | Strongly disagree | 4 (44.44) | 5 (55.56) | - | |
| Disagree | 29 (82.86) | 6 (17.14) | 1.68 (1.24–2.66) | 0.001 | |
| Moderate | 66 (84.62) | 12 (15.38) | |||
| Agree | 138 (92.00) | 12 (8.00) | |||
| Strongly agree | 149 (90.85) | 15 (9.15) | |||
| Fear about the increase in positive cases | Strongly disagree | 6 (05.00) | 6 (50.00) | - | |
| Disagree | 36 (87.80) | 5 (12.20) | 1.58 (1.18–2.10) | 0.002 | |
| Moderate | 75 (84.27) | 14 (15.73) | |||
| Agree | 147 (92.45) | 12 (7.53) | |||
| Strongly agree | 122 (90.37) | 13 (9.63) | |||
| Suffering from distance to fellow students | Strongly disagree | 41 (83.67) | 8 (16.33) | - | |
| Disagree | 44 (80.00) | 11 (20.00) | 1.23 (0.97–1.55) | 0.084 | |
| Moderate | 66 (89.61) | 8 (10.39) | |||
| Agree | 136 (91.89) | 12 (8.11) | |||
| Strongly agree | 96 (89.72) | 11 (10.28) | |||
| Suffering from the impossibility of attending university | Strongly disagree | 39 (88.64) | 5 (11.36) | - | |
| Disagree | 39 (81.25) | 9 (18.75) | 1.06 (0.84–1.35) | 0.6 | |
| Moderate | 52 (92.86) | 4 (7.14) | |||
| Agree | 133 (89.26) | 16 (10.74) | |||
| Strongly agree | 123 (88.49) | 16 (11.51) | |||
| Suffering from distance to friends | Strongly disagree | 10 (62.50) | 6 (37.50) | - | |
| Disagree | 29 (90.63) | 3 (9.38) | 1.30 (1.01–1.67) | 0.045 | |
| Moderate | 56 (86.15) | 9 (13.85) | |||
| Agree | 110 (88.71) | 14 (11.29) | |||
| Strongly agree | 181 (90.95) | 18 (9.05) | |||
| Desire to contribute much more to facing the pandemic | Strongly disagree | 11 (68.75) | 5 (31.25) | - | |
| Disagree | 39 (88.64) | 5 (11.36) | 1.24 (0.91–1.68) | 0.178 | |
| Moderate | 104 (87.39) | 15 (12.61) | |||
| Agree | 136 (90.07) | 15 (9.93) | |||
| Strongly agree | 96 (90.57) | 10 (9.43) | |||
| Previous flu vaccination | No | 174 (83.65) | 34 (16.35) | - | |
| Yes | 212 (92.98) | 16 (7.02) | 2.06 (1.07–3.97) | 0.032 | |
In bold statistically significant results.