Table 1.
Overview of chicken product samples and number of analyzed Pseudomonas spp.
| Sample Collection (Reference) |
Sample Type | Year | Chicken Samples | 16S rRNA Gene | MIC a | WGS b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 [9] | Cold stored Carcasses |
1991 | 20 | 97 | 53 | 7 |
| 2 (This study) | Raw fillet at retail | 2014 | 8 | 34 | 19 | 2 |
| 3A (This study) | Raw fillet at retail | 2016 | 60 | 113 | 52 | 7 |
| 3B (This study) | Raw fillet at retail | 2016 | 53 c | 36 | 13 | 8 |
| 4 (This study) | Raw carcass in slaughterhouse | 2017 | 18 | 45 | 38 | 7 |
| Total | 325 | 175 | 31 |
a Numbers are MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration)-tested isolates selected and determined in accordance with selection criteria detailed in Material and Methods. b Breakpoint value for imipenem was changed from ≥ 8 mg/L to ≥ 4 µg/ml during the study period (EUCAST). For determination of isolates to WGS, the former breakpoint value of imipenem (≥ 8 mg/L) was applied in the analyses. The number of isolates selected for WGS (whole genome sequencing) was therefore fewer than the number of isolates resistant to three or more antibiotics reported elsewhere in this article. c 53 of the 60 chicken samples of sample collection 3A (plated on CHROMagar Pseudomonas without CIP; ciprofloxacin) were also plated on CHROMagar Pseudomonas with 0.5 mg/L CIP and were thus defined Collection 3B.