Table 3.

Rates of Psychiatric Disorders at Age 16 for Care as Usual, Disrupted Foster Care, Stable Foster Care, and Never-Institutionalized Groups

Disorder category	Care as usual (n = 51)	Disrupted foster care (n = 27)	Stable foster care* (n = 24)	Never placed in institution (n = 47)	Usual vs. disrupted (differences [95% CI])	Usual vs. stable (differences [95% CI])	Usual vs. never (differences [95% CI])	Disrupted vs. stable (differences [95% CI])	Disrupted vs. never (differences [95% CI])	Stable vs. never (differences [95% CI])
Any disorder	61%a	56%a	21%b	15%b	.05 [−.18, .29]	.41 [.20, .62]	.46 [.29, .63]	.35 [.10, .60]	.40 [.19, .62]	.05 [−.14, .25]
Any internalizing	18%a	4%b	4%b	4%b	.14 [.01, .27]	.13 [.00, .27]	.13 [.01, .26]	.00 [−.11, .10]	−.01 [−.10, .09]	.00 [−.10, .10]
Any externalizing	42%a	39%a,b	17%b,c	11%c	.04 [−.20, .27]	.25 [.05, .46]	.31 [.15, .48]	.22 [−.02, .46]	.27 [.07, .48]	.06 [−.12, .23]
ADHD	24%a	30%a	13%a	0%b	−.06 [−.27, .15]	.11 [−.06, .28]	.23 [.11, .35]	.17 [−.04, .39]	.29 [.12, .47]	.12 [−.01, .25]
SUD	2%a	8%a	4%a	0%a	−.06 [−.17, .06]	−.02 [−.12, .07]	.02 [−.02, .06]	.04 [−.10, .17]	.08 [−.03, .19]	.04 [−.04, .13]

Note. Psychiatric disorder %. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; SUD = substance use disorder. Age at assessment and sex were included as covariates for presentation of group differences and 95% CI. Groups with matching superscripts did not significantly differ from one another. Tests comparing groups with 0 cases involved quasi-complete separation and the validity of the statistics are uncertain. Values are provided for illustrative purposes.

^*One FCG was excluded from these analyses as she was reunited with her biological family prior to placement into a study-sponsored foster placement.