Table 2.
Approach used for the measurement and reported values for the lamina cribrosa thickness and depth.
| Authors | Measurement | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Xiao et al. [20] | (i) cCLT was defined as “the distance between the anterior lamina cribrosa surface (ALCactS) and posterior lamina cribrosa surface (PLCS). cLCT was calculated from the average value of the LCT in the ONH center point and paracentral points (150 μm from the center point in the horizontal and vertical directions).” (ii) cALCSD was defined as “the distance between the ALCS and the reference plane (the connection of the terminal of Bruch's membrane was defined as the reference plane). The cALCSD was calculated from the average value of ALCSD in the ONH center point and paracentral points (150 μm from the center point in the horizontal and vertical directions).” |
(i) cLCT (μm): 235.18 ± 41.27; p < 0.001 between the 3 groups (YG/MG/OG) (ii) cALCSD (μm): 358.02 ± 93.80; p=0.11 between the 3 groups (YG/MG/OG) |
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| Sousa et al. [34] | ALCD was defined as “the prependicular distance from the BMO plane to the maxium depth point of the anterior LC border. A mean of the 2 measurements was used.” | (i) Vertical scan (μm): 456.2 ± 84.3 (right eye)/444.5 ± 92.2 (left eye); p=0.19 (ii) Horizontal scan (μm): 436.7 ± 81.6 (right eye) 427.6 ± 82.7 (left eye); p=0.13 (iii) Pool mean + SD (μm): 441.5 ± 82.5 |
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| ||
| Lee et al. [35] | “LCT was measured as the distance between the levels of the anterior and posterior borders in the B-scan images. LCT was measured at the midpoint between the opening of Bruch's membrane and two additional points that were 150 μm from either side of the midpoint.” | 273.19 ± 34.74 μm |
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| ||
| Bartolomé et al. [19] | (i) “LCD was measured in 11 horizontal B-scans that were spaced equally along the vertical diameter of the optic disc. The line connecting both Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) edges was used as a reference plane for all depth measurements. A line perpendicular to this reference line was drawn from each BMO edge to the anterior surface of the lamina cribrosa. When one of these two perpendicular lines did not meet the anterior laminar surface because of disc tilting and associated lateral lamina displacement, a line was drawn from the anterior lamina cribrosa insertion point perpendicularly to the line connecting the two BMO edges. The area defined by these two perpendicular lines, the line connecting the BMO edges and the anterior laminar surface, was measured area S. Mean LCD depth in each of the 11 horizontal EDI-OCT scans was defined by area S divided by length D.” (ii) LCT was defined as “the distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the highly reflective region at the vertical center of the ONH. LCT was determined as close as possible to the vertical center of the ONH, which was identified as the site where the trunk of central retinal vessels extends from the ONH.” |
(i) LCD (μm): 329.15 ± 60.85 (male: 351.03 ± 63.83/female: 319.01 ± 57.39; p=0.057) (ii) LCT (μm): 323.25 ± 56.02 (male: 344.75 ± 48.73/female: 313.07 ± 71.14; p=0.094) |
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| Leal et al. [36] | “ALCD was defined as the maximum perpendicular distance between the line connecting both ends of Bruch's membrane and the maximum depth point of the anterior border of the LC. The anterior border of the LC was defined by a highly reflective structure below the optic cup.” | (i) Right eye vertical (REV) scan (μm): 456.16 ± 84.32 (ii) Left eye vertical (LEV) scan (μm): 444.53 ± 92.19 (iii) Right eye horizontal (REH) scan (μm): 436.66 ± 81.57 (iv) Left eye horizontal (LEH) scan (μm): 427.56 ± 82.71 (v) Pool mean + SD (μm): 441.23 ± 85.20 |
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| Rhodes et al. [21] | “LCD measures the distance of the LC from a reference plane, either a BMO plane (LDBMO) or a scleral plane (LDAS). The definition and computation of mean LD require the definition of a reference structure against which to measure depth, a surface reconstruction and sampling for mean depth, and the use of a suitable coordinate frame for the manually delineated point clouds. The Bruch structure (BMO plane, BMO ellipse, and laminar half-space) is computed, and the LC moved to a Bruch frame. The LC sections are uniformly resampled; an optimal mesh is built from these LC sections; and mean LDBMO is computed as a weighted average of the mesh centroid depths. The scleral structure is built using an interior disk-like region (the region of the AS between 1700 and 1800 μm from the axis of the BMO cylinder, the right elliptic cylinder defined by the BMO ellipse, orthogonal to the BMO plane). Like the BMO, this region is almost planar. The scleral representative of an AS half-section is the mean of the samples that lie between 1700 and 1800 μm from the axis of the BMO cylinder (using Euclidean, not geodesic distance). The mean is used (as opposed to the point at 1750 μm, e.g.) as a smoothing operation. The scleral plane (ellipse) is the best-fitting plane (ellipse) of the point cloud of scleral representatives, analogous to the BMO plane/ellipse. Replacing the BMO plane by the scleral plane, we have LD based on a scleral reference plane (distance of LC from the scleral plane, LDAS). These measurements are again simplified by using a special frame, where depth becomes the z-coordinate.” | (i) LD BMO (μm): 413.88 ± 75.06 (AD young) 365.38 ± 64.48 (AD old) 382.43 ± 93.29 (ED young) 337.73 ± 82.41 (ED old) Pool mean + SD: 379.29 ± 82.70 (ii) LD AS (μm): 333.61 ± 83.84 (AD young) 353.75 ± 60.32 (AD old) 316.39 ± 87.60 (ED young) 309.20 ± 78.69 (ED old) |
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| Kim et al. [38] | Anterior LC depth (LCD) was defined as “the maximal vertical distance between the reference plane connecting Bruch's membrane openings (BMO) and the anterior LC surface.” | 463.4 ± 118.8 μm |
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| El-Agamy et al. [40] | ”ALCSD was measured at all planes, defined as the distance from the line connecting the two Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) edges (reference line) to the anterior LC surface. It was measured in the direction perpendicular to the reference plane at three points: the maximum depth point and two additional points (100 and 200 μm apart from the maximum depth point to the temporal direction). Only the temporally adjacent points were selected because the LC at the maximally depressed point was masked by the shadow of the central vessel trunk. The average of three measurements was taken as the ALCSD of each plane. The average of the ALCSDs from all planes was defined as the mean of ALCSD of the eye.” | (i) Mean of ALCSD (μm): 371.88 ± 114.62 (ii) Superior plane (μm): 368.08 ± 116.04 (iii) Middle plane (μm): 379.86 ± 117.12 (iv) Inferior plane (μm): 366.59 ± 120.98 Significant difference between superior and middle planes (p=0.004) and middle and inferior planes (p=0.013) but no significant difference between superior and inferior planes (p=0.820) |
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| ||
| Lee et al. [24] | (i) “LCD was determined by measuring the distance from the Bruch's membrane (BM) opening plane to the level of the anterior LC surface in 11 equidistant planes that divided the optic disc diameter into 12 equal parts vertically in each eye. A reference line connecting the two termination points of the BM was drawn on each B-scan image. The distance from the reference line to the level of the anterior border of the LC was measured at three points: the maximally depressed point and two additional points (100 and 200 μm from the maximally depressed point in a temporal direction). Only the temporally adjacent points were selected because the maximally depressed point was often close to the central vessel trunk, the shadow of which obscured the LC. When there was insufficient space for measuring the LCD at three points (e.g., the uppermost or lowermost B-scans or B-scans with a prominent vascular shadow), adjacent scans were used. The measurements from the 11 planes were used to calculate the mean LCD of the eye. The superior LCD was defined as the mean of 3 values obtained at the 3 uppermost B-scan images (from the 1st to the 3rd scan), the central LCD as that obtained at the 3 central-most B-scan images (from the 5th to the 7th scan), and the inferior LCD as that obtained at the 3 lowermost B-scans (from the 9th to the 11th scan).” (ii) “LCT was measured at three locations in each eye (the midhorizontal and the superior and inferior midperipheral regions of the ONH) using thin-slab maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) images.” |
(i) LCT (μm): overall subjects: 250.4 ± 41.6 244.9 ± 47.2 (male)/255.1 ± 37.3 (female); p=0.544 (ii) LCD (μm): overall subjects: 425.9 ± 100.2 486.2 ± 91.4 (male)/372.0 ± 80.6 (female); p=0.002 |
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| ||
| Seo et al. [43] | ”After the 3D image was reconstructed, seven B-scan images that divided the optic disc diameter into eight equal parts vertically were selected for each eye. These seven B-scan lines were defined as plane 1 to plane 7 (top to bottom). In this model, plane 4 corresponds to the midhorizontal plane, and planes 2 and 6 correspond to the superior and inferior midperiphery, respectively. The ALCSD was measured at each plane and defined as the distance from the Bruch's membrane opening level to the anterior LC surface.” | 402.06 ± 101.46 μm |
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| ||
| Tun et al. [45] | LCD was defined as ”the distance from each anterior LC point to the peripapillary scleral (PPS) reference plane line in the central one-third of the length of BMO. The PPS reference plane was defined as a line connecting the outermost points of the anterior surface of the PPS ring. The mean depth of all LC points on the anterior LC surface was reported as the mean LC depth.” | 363.65 ± 95.36 μm |
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| ||
| Thakku et al. [46] | LCD was defined as “the distance of the reconstructed anterior LC from the BMO plane. The mean depth of all points on the surface was reported as the mean LC depth. Additionally, mean depths of points along the nasal-temporal (N-T) and superior-inferior (S-I) cross sections were reported.” | 403 ± 90 μm |
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| ||
| Luo et al. [22] | “Mean depth of the segmented points within the central 24 anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO) subsectors regardless of the reference plane was used for the depth measurement. Quantification of all parameters derived from the manually segmented points was performed within custom software (MATLAB version 7.3.0.267). A BMO reference plane was determined based on the 48 BMO points (2 points in each of 24 radial B-scans) as for the ASCO reference plane. Peripapillary BM and peripapillary scleral reference planes were separately defined by fitting a plane to 48 points 1700 μm distal to the BMO centroid (for the BM points) and ASCO centroid (for the scleral points).” | (i) Central LD BMO (μm): 402 ± 91 (ii) Central LD BM (μm): 498 ± 123 (iii) Central LD ASCO (μm): 309 ± 88 (iv) Central LD sclera (μm): 332 ± 96 |
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| ||
| Akkaya et al. [28] | (i) ALCSD was defined as “the distance between the Bruch's membrane opening and the anterior border of the lamina cribrosa.” (ii) LCT: “anterior and posterior borders of the highly reflective region at the vertical center of the optic nerve head in horizontal SD-OCT cross sections were defined as lamina cribrosa borders, and the distance between them was defined as LCT.” |
(i) LCT (μm): control group: 248.50 ± 5.40 experimental group: 271.61 ± 33.96 p < 0.001 (ii) ALCSD (μm): control group: 420.32 ± 90.26 experimental group: 351.45 ± 58.61 p=0.003 |
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| ||
| Eraslan et al. [29] | “LCT was measured manually on vertical lines lying between the inner and outer boundaries of the hyperreflective area temporal to the central retinal vessels. In cases where the hyporeflective image created by the nerve fibers passing through the laminar pores was too close to the temporal of the central retinal vessels in patients with thinner LCs, the measurement was performed at the points at which the inner and outer boundaries of the LC could be most clearly seen.” | Control group: 292.5 ± 33.7 μm Experimental group: 209.4 ± 40.2 μm p < 0.001 |
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| ||
| Küçük et al. [30] | (i) LCT was defined as “the distance between the LCT borders, which were the anterior and posterior borders of the highly reflective region at the vertical center of the ONH in the horizontal SD-OCT cross section.” (ii) LCD was defined as “the distance between Bruch's membrane opening and the anterior border of the LCT.” |
(i) LCT (μm): control group: 300.49 ± 42.6 Experiemental group (OSAS): 213.38 ± 30.7; p < 0.001 Mild OSAS: 223.23 ± 36.7/moderate OSAS: 219.79 ± 27.8/severe OSAS: 198.8 ± 23.1; p=0.068 (ii) LCD (μm): control group: 411.67 ± 101.4 Experiemental group (OSAS): 397.21 ± 85.6; p=0.506 Mild OSAS: 408.46 ± 101.8/moderate OSAS: 404.13 ± 86.7/severe OSAS: 379.36 ± 70.2; p=0.639 |
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| ||
| Lee et al. [32] | “LCT was measured at three locations in each eye (the midhorizontal and the superior and inferior midperipheral regions of the ONH) using thin-slab maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) images.” | Control group: 247.95 ± 37.55 μm Experimental group: 242.46 ± 31.93 μm; p=0.616 |
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| ||
| Sirakaya et al. [33] | (i) LCT was designated as “the area between the outer and inner lines of the hyperreflective region at the vertical center of the optic nerve head; LC thickness was the perpendicular distance between those borders.” (ii) LCD was defined as ”the distance between the BMO and the anterior margin of the LC.” |
(i) LCT (μm): control group (group III): 279.91 ± 49.61 Experimental group (groups I and II): group I: 237.48 ± 38.53 group II: 241.42 ± 36.89; p=0.684 (group I versus group II); p=0.001 (group versus group III); p < 0.001 (group II versus group III) (ii) LCD (μm): control group (group III): 355.34 ± 65.53 Experimental group (groups I and II): group I: 412.15 ± 58.80 Group II: 405.57 ± 55.39; p=0.653 (group I versus group II); p=0.001 (group I versus group III); p=0.001 (group II versus group III) |
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| ||
| Pasaoglu et al. [47] | “LCD and LCT were measured at the 7 locations equidistant across the vertical optic disc diameter. These seven horizontal B-scan lines were defined as planes 1–7 (from superior to inferior). The average LC depth and thickness were determined as the mean values of the measurements made at seven points of the LC. ALS was defined as the anterior border of the highly reflective region beneath the internal limiting membrane at the optic disc cup on the B-scans. Distance between the reference line connecting both edges of the Bruch membrane and anterior surface of the LC at the maximally depressed point was defined as the ALS depth. The distance between the same reference line and the posterior surface of the LC again at the maximally depressed point was defined as the PLS depth. The difference between the PLS and ALS depth was taken to be the LC thickness.” | (i) ALCSD (μm): control group: 359.40 ± 105.38 Experimental group: 225.00 ± 58.57 p < 0.01 (ii) LCT (μm): control group: 210.70 ± 36.93 Experimental group: 224.75 ± 45.98 p=0.42 |
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| Villarruel et al. [25] | “LCD was defined as the distance between the reference line connecting both edges of the Bruch membrane (Bruch membrane opening plane) and the anterior surface of the LC. The anterior LC surface was defined as the anterior border of the highly reflective region beneath the internal limiting membrane at the optic disc cup on the B-scans. On the selected B-scans, the LC depth was measured at 3 points: the maximally depressed point and 2 additional points (100 and 200 μm apart from the maximally depressed point in a temporal direction). Temporal adjacent points were selected because the maximally depressed point often was close to the central vessel trunk, which cast a shadow obscuring the LC. The average of these 3 values was defined as the LC depth of the B-scan. The LC depth of each of the B-scans was then averaged and defined as the mean LC depth for that eye.” | Control group: 387.8 ± 53.9 μm Patients with IIH: 325.2 ± 92.1 μm; p<0.01 (comparative to the control group) Patients with HTG: 493.0 ± 115.2 μm; p<0.001 (comparative to the control group) |
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| Demir et al. [49] | (i) ALCSD was defined as “the distance between the BMO reference plane and the anterior border of the LC.” (ii) LCT was defined as “the distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the LC. The anterior and posterior borders of the LC were defined using a highly reflective structure below the optic cup.” |
(i) ALCSD (μm): control group: 432.5 ± 82.1 Experimental group: 350.9 ± 70.8; p=0.003 (ii) LCT (μm): control group: 241.3 ± 43.2 Experimental group: 166.3 ± 41.0; p < 0.001 |
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| Seo et al. [27] | LCD value was “determined by measuring the distance from the Bruch membrane opening (BMO) plane to the level of the anterior LC surface. The anterior surface of the LC was defined by the highly reflective structure below the optic cup. A reference line connecting the two termination points of the Bruch membrane was drawn on each B-scan image. The distance from the reference line to the level of the anterior border of the LC was then measured at three points: the maximally depressed point and two additional points located 100 μm from the maximally depressed point in the temporal and nasal directions, respectively. The distance was measured on the line perpendicular to the reference line. The average value of these three points was considered as the LCD.” | Muscle-domain group: 462.79 ± 95.96 μm Fat-domain group: 621.39 ± 78.39 μm p=0.007 |
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| Moghimi et al. [50] | “The anterior and posterior borders of the highly reflective region at the vertical center of the ONH in the horizontal SD-OCT cross section were defined as the borders of the LC, and the distance between these two borders was defined as LC thickness.” (i) “Anterior laminar depth (ALD) and posterior laminar depth (PLD) were defined as the distance between the BMO and the anterior border and posterior border of the LC, respectively. The laminar thickness was defined as the distance between the anterior surface of the optic cup and the anterior border of the LC and the distance between the BMO and the internal limiting membrane (surface of the optic cup).” |
(i) ALCSD (μm): control group: central: 321.14 ± 106.72/superior: 324.05 ± 87.68/inferior: 280.33 ± 92.38/pool mean + SD: 308.51 ± 95.59 Experimental group: central: 330.12 ± 90.23; p=0.74/superior: 380.0 ± 81.51; p=0.04/inferior: 350.82 ± 99.73; p=0.05/pool mean + SD: 353.65 ± 90.49 (ii) LCT (μm): control group: central: 273.3 ± 57.97/superior: 267.50 ± 93.66/inferior: 253.90 ± 59.52/pool mean + SD: 264.90 ± 70.38 Experimental group: central: 207.8 ± 47.76; p < 0.001/superior: 182.31 ± 48.53; p=0.004/inferior: 176.52 ± 42.02; p=0.004/pool mean + SD: 188.88 ± 46.10 |
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| Soares et al. [51] | “ALCSD was defined as the distance between the plane of Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) and the ALCS. The BMO plane was established with a line joining the limits of the BM. Three measurements of ALCS depth were made on three planes perpendicular to the BM plane: the first plane in the maximal depth of ALCS, the second plane 100 μm temporal to the first plane, and the third plane 200 μm temporal to the first plane. Three depth measurements were obtained, and their mean value was considered to be the final depth for each eye in both groups.” | Control group: 292.56 ± 40.71 μm Experimental group: 447.96 ± 118.51 μm p=0.001 |
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| Karaca Adıyeke et al. [52] | LCT was defined as “the distance between the anterior and posterior margins of the LC, which were determined as a highly reflective structure below the optic cup.” | Control group: 266.4 ± 10.7 μm Experimental group: 285.2 ± 12.7 μm (affected eye) and 283.5 ± 12.6 μm (fellow eye); p < 0.01 |
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| Son et al. [53] | LCT was defined as “the thickness of the highly reflective region. If the lamina cribrosa margin was not defined, the auto contrast was used which was included in the program. The measurement point was the midpoint of the line connecting Bruch's membrane openings. If vascular shadows disturbed visualization of the lamina cribrosa, the measurement points were determined as centrally on the midpoint as possible where there was the least likelihood of vascular shadows.” | Control group: 260.41 ± 43.25 μm Experimental group: 208.26 ± 33.36 μm (affected eye of unilateral BRVO); p = 0.000 (comparative to the control group); 204.97 ± 37.57 μm (fellow eye of unilateral BRVO); p = 0.000 (comparative to the control group) |
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| Sırakaya and Bekir [54] | “Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) was defined as the distance of the line between the two endpoints of Bruch's membrane; LC is the area between the outer and inner lines of the hyperreflective region in the vertical center of the ONH.” (i) LCT was defined as “the perpendicular distance between those borders.” (ii) LCD was defined as “the distance between the BMO and anterior margin of the LC.” |
(i) LCT (μm): control group: 251.9 ± 37.2 Experimental group: 212.5 ± 33.3 (affected eyes); p<0.001 (comparative to the control group); 226.7 ± 28.8 (unaffected eyes); p = 0.002 (comparative to the control group) (ii) LCD (μm): control group: 369.3 ± 52.3 Experimental group: 411.6 ± 71.3 (affected eyes); p = 0.005 (comparative to the control group); 403.31 ± 50.49 (unaffected eyes); p = 0.006 (comparative to the control group) |
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| Altunel et al. [55] | “Anterior and posterior regions of the LC were defined by highly reflective structures below the ONH.” LCT was defined as “the distance between the anterior and posterior regions of the LC.” |
Control group: 228.0 ± 7.1 μm Experimental group: 204.4 ± 8.8 μm (affected eyes); p<0.001 (comparative to the control group) 205.3 ± 9.3 μm (fellow eyes); p<0.001 (comparative to the control group) |
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| Lim et al. [56] | “LCT was measured at the vertical center of the ONH using a horizontal cross-sectional B-scan. The LCT was defined as the distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the highly reflective region. LCT was obtained from three points: the midsuperior, center, and midinferior locations. LCT was defined as the average value of the LCT at the center of the midsuperior, central, and midinferior horizontal B-scans of the ONH.” | Control group: 274.0 ± 29.4 μm Experimental group: 237.0 ± 37.0 μm (affected eye); p<0.001 (comparative to the control group) 241.4 ± 33.2 μm (unafected eye); p<0.001 (comparative to the control group) |
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| Akkaya and Küçük [57] | “3 frames were defined: center, midsuperior, and midinferior, which passed through the ONH, and the parameters of thickness were measured in each of these frames. During measurements of thickness, full weight to the center of the LCT plate was assigned.” LCD was defined as “the distance between the BMO and the anterior border of LCT.” |
(i) LCT (μm): control group: 249.1 ± 4.9 Experimental group: 174.9 ± 11.4 p < 0.001 (ii) LCD (μm): control group: 422.0 ± 90.7 Experimental group: 403.2 ± 91.1 p=0.3 |
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| Lee et al. [58] | (i) LC thickness was defined as “the shortest distance between the anterior border and the posterior border of the LC. The anterior and posterior LC margins were defined by a highly reflective structure below the optic cup. Anterior and posterior LC margins were defined as the line that connected the peripheral points of the anterior and posterior LC margins. The line that connected the two termination points of Bruch's membrane was used as a baseline reference.” (ii) LC depth was measured by “calculating the average at each periphery of the anterior LC margin.” |
(i) LCT (μm): inferior: 218 ± 10/middle: 218 ± 10/superior: 219 ± 10/pool mean + SD: 218 ± 10 (ii) LCD (μm): inferior: 426 ± 38/middle: 435 ± 41/superior: 427 ± 37/pool mean + SD: 429.33 ± 38.67 |
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| Rebolleda et al. [62] | “A reference line connecting the two Bruch's membrane limit points was drawn, and three equidistant points, corresponding to one-half and one-third of the reference, were highlighted and connected to the anterior face of the prelaminar tissue (PT) and the anterior and posterior surfaces of the LC. LCT and anterior LCD were measured at the aforementioned three points. The arithmetic mean of the three measurements was considered as the average. LCT was defined as the difference between the position of the anterior and posterior borders of the LC. LCD was determined by measuring the distance from the reference line to the level of the anterior LC surface.” | (i) ALCSD (μm): control group: 347.5 ± 120.9; experimental group: 390.2 ± 120.1; p=0.196 (ii) LCT (μm): control group: 241.2 ± 49.9; experimental group: 245.5 ± 47.4; p=0.720 |
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| Fard et al. [63] | “The anterior and posterior borders of the highly reflective region at the vertical center of the ONH in the horizontal SD-OCT cross section were defined as the borders of the LC, and the distance between these two borders was defined as LC thickness. Anterior laminar cribrosa depth (ALD) was measured at the anterior LC surface as the perpendicular distance from BMO distance. Anterior lamina cribrosa depth and LC thicknesses were measured at central, midsuperior, and midinferior sections of the ONH.” |
(i) ALD (μm): control group: central: 321 ± 107/midsuperior: 324 ± 8/midinferior: 280 ± 92/pool mean + SD: 308.33 ± 95.67; NAION: central: 339 ± 93; p=0.61/midsuperior: 380 ± 83; p=0.53/midinferior: 373 ± 133; p=0.30/pool mean + SD: 364 ± 103 (ii) LCT (μm): control group: central: 273 ± 58/midsuperior: 268 ± 94/midinferior: 254 ± 60/pool mean + SD: 265 ± 70.67; NAION: central: 250 ± 62; p=0.42/midsuperior: 228 ± 52; p=0.17/midinferior: 235 ± 44; p=0.16/pool mean + SD: 237.67 ± 52.67 |
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| Lee et al. [64] | LCD was measured on “the three horizontal B-scans. A horizontal reference line was drawn by connecting the two termination points of Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) in each B-scan image. The LCD was then measured from the reference line to the level of the anterior border of the LC at the maximally depressed point and two additional points that were 100 and 200 μm from the maximally depressed point in the temporal direction.” | Control group: 427.3 ± 94.1 μm NAION: 390.1 ± 111.8 μm NTG: 494.2 ± 92.8 μm p=0.001 |
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| Rebolleda et al. [26] | “Reference line connecting the two ends of the BMO was defined as the BMO diameter. Three equidistant points (inferior, middle, and superior), corresponding to one-half and one-third of the reference, were highlighted and connected from this reference line to the anterior face of the prelaminar tissue (PT) and the anterior surface of the LC. Prelaminar tissue thickness (PTT) was defined as the distance between the anterior surfaces of the PT and LC. Lamina cribrosa depth (LCD) was defined as the distance from the reference line to the anterior surface of the LC. The arithmetic mean of the three measurements was registered as the average.” | Control group: 404.1 ± 70.7 μm NAION: 292.1 ± 77.4 and 316.5 ± 98.5 μm (unaffected fellow eye); p ≤0.001 (comparative to the control group) |
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| Akkaya [73] | “Lamina cribrosa borders were defined as the posterior and anterior borders of the highly reflective area at the ONH's perpendicular center in the horizontal SD-OCT cross section.” (i) LCT was defined as “the distance between these two borders.” (ii) LCD was defined as “the distance between the BMO and the anterior border of the lamina cribrosa.” |
(i) LCT (μm): control group: 240.2 ± 15.8 Hyperopic nonamblyopic eyes: 251.6 ± 27.3 Amblyopic eyes: 180.9 ± 29.4 and 247.7 ± 19.0 (fellow eyes) p < 0.001 (amblyopia vs. control) (ii) LCD (μm): control group: 391.1 ± 87.7 Hyperopic nonamblyopic eyes: 397.4 ± 75.7 Amblyopic eyes: 371.7 ± 85.8 and 272.1 ± 51.6 (fellow eyes) p=0.84 (amblyopia vs. control) |
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| Lee et al. [64] | (i) LCT was measured at “3 locations in each eye (superior midperiphery, central, and inferior midperiphery regions of the ONH) using thin-slab maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) images. LCT was measured as the distance between the anterior and posterior borders at the central 3 points (with a separation of 100 mm between the points) in each MIP thin-slab image in the direction perpendicular to the anterior LC surface at the measurement point. The measurements obtained from the 3 thin-slab images were used to calculate the mean LCT of each eye.” (ii) Anterior LCD was measured in “5 horizontal B-scans (superior, superior midperiphery, center, inferior midperiphery, and inferior regions). LCD was determined by measuring the distance from the BMO plane to the level of the anterior LC surface. A reference line connecting the 2 termination points of Bruch's membrane was drawn on each B-scan image. The distance from the reference line to the level of the anterior border of the LC was measured at 3 points: the maximally depressed point and 2 additional points (100 and 200 μm from the maximally depressed point in a temporal direction). The measurements from the 3 planes were used to calculate the mean LCD of the eye.” |
(i) LCT (μm): control group: 247.08 ± 32.70 POAG: 193.15 ± 22.19 SSOH: 260.84 ± 38.62 p < 0.001 (ii) ALCD (μm): control group: 299.32 ± 39.78 POAG: 511.57 ± 105.36 SSOH: 421.98 ± 111.38 p < 0.001 |
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| Rebolleda et al. [66] | “A reference line connecting the two Bruch's membrane termination points was drawn, and three equidistant points (inferior, middle, and superior), corresponding to one-half and one-third of this reference, were highlighted and connected to the anterior face of the prelaminar tissue and anterior surface of the LC. The arithmetic mean of the three measurements (inferior, middle, and superior) was considered as the average. Lamina cribrosa depth was determined by measuring the distance from the reference line to the level of the anterior LC surface.” | 400.1 ± 102.7 μm |
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| Hata et al. [67] | “The BMO was defined as the termination of the Bruch's membrane, and we measured the diameter of BMO. The BMO-anterior LC was defined as the vertical distance between the reference line connecting BMO and the anterior laminar surface.” | (i) LCD (μm): CON: 376.26 ± 102.6; p = 0.47 (comparative to the control group) |
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| Kim et al. [7] | “LCDs on horizontal SD-OCT B-scan images were measured at seven locations equidistant across the vertical optic disc diameter. The seven B-scan lines from the superior to the inferior regions were defined as planes 1 to 7 with plane 4 corresponding to the midhorizontal plane and planes 2 and 6 corresponding to the superior and inferior midperiphery planes, respectively. To determine the LCD, a line connecting the edges of the BMO was set as the reference plane (BMO reference line), and the LCD was measured in the direction perpendicular to the reference plane at the maximally depressed point.” | Control group: 405.88 ± 81.13 μm NTG: 500.37 ± 118.97 μm ADOA: 383.00 ± 85.39 μm p < 0.001 |
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| Yang et al. [68] | “The measurement points were selected by dividing the total length of the reference line by 2 or 4 depending on the midsuperior, midinferior, or midtemporal point of the disc center. The LCD was measured from the reference line to the anterior surface of the lamina cribrosa at each point. At the same point, the LCT was defined as the minimum vertical length between the anterior and posterior surface of the prelaminar tissue and the anterior and posterior surface of the lamina cribrosa, respectively.” | (i) ALCD (μm): control group: 440.9 ± 61.3; group II: 451.7 ± 74.6; group III: 455.2 ± 91.7; group IV: 464.6 ± 106.8; group V: 528.8 ± 101.8; p=0.001 (ii) LCT (μm): control group: 212.7 ± 37.4; group II: 218.4 ± 44.0; group III: 215.0 ± 40.5; group IV: 179.2 ± 25.5; group V: 159.0 ± 14.5; p < 0.001 |
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| Yokota et al. [69] | “Three frames, center, midsuperior, and midinferior, which passed through the optic nerve disc were selected from these B-scans.” (i) ALD was defined as “the distance between the line connecting both ends of Bruch's membrane and the anterior border of the lamina cribrosa.” (ii) The LCT was defined as “the distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the lamina cribrosa. The anterior and posterior borders of the lamina cribrosa were defined by a highly reflective structure below the optic cup. To minimize the variation, the mean data of the three frames (center, midsuperior, and midinferior) for the ALD and the LCT analyses were considered.” |
(i) ALCD (μm): PDR with no-NVG: 407.0 ± 22.9; PDR with NVG: 403.9 ± 20.1; p=0.919 (ii) LCT (μm): PDR with no-NVG: 155.0 ± 4.7; PDR with NVG: 156.9 ± 4.2; p=0.757 |
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| Gómez-Mariscal et al. [70] | “Three vertical and equidistant lines localized at one-half and one-third of the BMO diameter were drawn from the reference line to the anterior ONH surface and the anterior LC surface, defining the cup depth (CD) and the lamina cribrosa depth (LCD).” | Control group: 362.7 ± 98.2 μm Experimental group: 369.9 ± 102.9 μm p=0.532 |
LC = lamina cribrosa, LCT = lamina cribrosa thickness, cLCT = central laminacribrosa thickness, LCD = lamina cribrosa depth, ALCS = anterior lamina cribrosa surface, ALCSD = anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth, cLCSD = central anterior lamina cribrosa surface depth, BMO = Bruch's membrane opening, ONH = optic nerve head, ASCO = anterior scleral canal opening, OSAS = obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, IIH = intracranial hypertension, HTG = high-tension glaucoma, NTG = normal-tension glaucoma, BRVO = branch retinal vein occlusion, NAION = nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, SSOH = superior segmental optic nerve hypoplasia, POAG = primary open-angle glaucoma, CON = compressive optic neuropathy, ADOA = autosomal dominant optic atrophy, PDR = proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and NVG = neovascular glaucoma.