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. 2021 Feb 18;2021:8898842. doi: 10.1155/2021/8898842

Table 1.

Global biopiracy incidents with details.

Incident Country of origin Pirated country Reference
Karawila (Momordica charantia) South Asian countries including Sri Lanka USA [10]
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) India USA [11]
Kothala Himbutu (Salacia reticulata) Sri Lanka Japan, USA, Europe [12, 13]
Magul Karanda (Pogamia glabra) Sri Lanka Japan [13]
Masbadda (Gymnema sylvestre) Sri Lanka Japan [13]
Heen Bavila (Sida cordifolia) Sri Lanka Japan [13]
Weniwalgeta (Coscinium fenestratum) Sri Lanka Japanese, European, and USA pharmaceutical manufacturers [14]
Neem (Azadirachta indica) India Nepal EPO to US Department of Agriculture and the US-American firm W.R. [15]
Enola Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Mexico USA [16]
Rubber seeds (Hevea brasiliensis) Brazil England [17, 18]
Hoodia plant (Hoodia gordonii) Southern Africa CSIR gave patent to Phytopharm and Pfizer [19]
Sacks of plant specimens Philippine indigenous people Philippine National Museum [14]
Kakadu Plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) Australian Aboriginal people USA [3]
Aloe vera Sri Lanka USA [13]