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. 2021 Feb 22;16:1423–1434. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S289914

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© 2021 Liu et al.

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Characterization of exosomes derived from IL-1-treated MSCs. (A) Expressions of CD90, CD73, and CD105, as showed by the flow cytometry assay. (B) Expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines and BDNF in astrocytes treated with conditioned mediums of MSCs or IL-1-treated MSCs. (C) Identification of hippocampal astrocytes through the double fluorescence staining assay. Green fluorescence represents microglial marker, Iba1. Blue fluorescence represents the nuclei. Red fluorescence represents astroglial marker, GFAP. Scalar bar: 20 μm. (D) Morphology of exosomes derived from IL-1-treated MSCs (IL-1-Exo), as determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Scalar bar: 100 nm. (E) Size distribution of IL-1-Exo, as investigated by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). (F) Expressions of exosomal markers, CD63 and CD81. (G) Expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines and BDNF in astrocytes treated with exosomes derived from MSCs (Exo) or IL-1-treated MSCs (IL-1-Exo). (H) IL-1 Exo is taken up by astrocytes, as investigated by fluorescence staining assays. Green fluorescence represents IL-1 Exo. Blue fluorescence represents the nuclei. Red fluorescence represents astroglial marker, GFAP. Scalar bar: 20 μm. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± S.D.