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. 2019 Jun 5;26(3):849–863. doi: 10.1038/s41380-019-0434-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Changes in immune-related mRNA expression in midbrain from schizophrenia (SCZ) and control cases and from adult mice prenatally exposed to the viral mimetic, poly(I:C), after stratification into “high” and “low” immune subgroups. a Cluster analysis of immune-related gene expression in midbrain from schizophrenia (SCZ) and control cases revealed that all control cases (blue) and 54% of schizophrenia cases (pink) were of low immune status, whereas 46% of SCZ cases were classified as high immune. b HLA+ microglial cell number and c HLA-DR mRNA did not change in the immune subgroups. d AIF1 mRNA was increased in the SCZ/high immune compared to the SCZ/low immune subgroup. e CD68 and f TSPO mRNAs were increased in the SCZ/high subgroup compared with the SCZ/low and the control groups. g GFAP mRNA was increased in the SCZ/high subgroup compared with the SCZ/low and the control groups. IL1A h and IL17RA i mRNAs were increased in SCZ/high compared with controls and IL17RA mRNA was increased in SCZ/high compared with the SCZ/low subgroup. j Cluster analysis of immune-related gene expression in midbrain from adult mice prenatally exposed to the viral mimetic, poly(I:C) revealed that 91% of vehicle–offspring were of low immune status (light blue) and 9% were of immune status (dark blue). Among poly(IC)-exposed offspring, 59% were classified as low immune (pink), whereas 41% were classified as high immune (red). k AIF1, l TSPO, and m GFAP mRNAs were increased in the poly(IC)/high immune compared with the poly(IC)/low immune and vehicle/low immune subgroups. Data are mean ± SEM. ^&p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001