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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2020 Aug 27;12(3):339–346. doi: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002457

Table 4.

Cox proportional hazards hierarchical regression model evaluating the influence of vitamin D levels and depression on survival

Model 0 Survival CI
Regression coefficient HR P value Lower Upper
 Age 0.00 (0.01) 1.002 0.87 0.975 1.031
 Sex −0.16 (0.29) 0.855 0.59 0.481 1.521
 BMI −0.05 (0.03) 0.949 0.09 0.894 1.008
χ2 change 3.121, p=0.37
Model 1 Survival CI
Regression coefficient HR P value Lower Upper
 Age 0.01 (0.01) 1.009 0.54 0.981 1.037
 Sex −0.21 (0.30) 0.811 0.48 0.453 1.452
 BMI −0.06 (0.03) 0.942 0.05 0.886 1.001
 Vitamin D (log) −1.96 (0.76) 0.141 0.01 0.030 0.655
χ2 change 6.228, p=0.01
Model 2 Survival CI
Regression coefficient HR P value Lower Upper
 Age 0.01 (0.01) 1.007 0.64 0.979 1.036
 Sex −0.22 (0.30) 0.807 0.47 0.45 1.444
 BMI −0.06 (0.03) 0.939 0.04 0.883 0.998
 Vitamin D (log) −1.77 (0.82) 0.171 0.03 0.034 0.851
 Depression 0.03 (0.03) 1.029 0.30 0.975 1.085
χ2 change 1.018, p=0.31
Model 3 Survival CI
Regression coefficient HR P value Lower Upper
 Age 0.01 (0.01) 1.006 0.69 0.978 1.034
 Sex −0.22 (0.29) 0.803 0.46 0.451 1.430
 BMI −0.06 (0.03) 0.941 0.04 0.887 0.998
 Vitamin D (log) −3.99 (1.41) 0.018 0.005 0.001 0.294
 Depression −0.56 (0.30) 0.570 0.06 0.318 1.025
 Vitamin D × depression 0.42 (0.21) 1.522 0.04 1.009 2.296

χ2 change 4.284, p=0.04.

BMI, body mass index.