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. 2021 Feb 26;8:6. doi: 10.1186/s40580-021-00256-9

Table 2.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production from saccharides using visible light sources

Photocatalyst Saccharides Power intensity Production rates
mmol h−1 gcat−1 		Refs.
mW cm−2
Pt/TiO2 Glucose

300

(Solar simulator)

 2.4 Kondarides et al. 2010 [107]
Pt/Holey carbon nitride-N-acetylethanolamine (HCN-NEA) Glucose

–

(300 W Xe > 420 nm)

 5.5808 Liu et al. 2020 [77]
Au/CdS-nanorods Glucose

–

(300 W Xe > 400 nm)

 0.09 Wang et al. 2020 [8]
Pt/TiO2 Galactose

–

(450 W Xe)

–

(ca. 5.5 µmol min−1)

 Kondarides et al. 2008 [9]
HCN-NEA Galactose

–

(300 W Xe > 420 nm)

–

(156.3 µmol h−1)

 Liu et al. 2020 [77]
Pt/TiO2 Mannose

300

(Xe solar)

 1.725 Kondarides et al. 2010 [107]
Pt/TiO2 Ribose

300

(Xe solar)

 2.175 Kondarides et al. 2010 [107]
Pt/TiO2 Lactose

–

(450 W Xe)

–

(4 µmol min−1)

 Kondarides et al. 2010 [107]
HCN-NEA Cellobiose

–

(300 W Xe > 420 nm)

–

(75.6 µmol h−1)

 Liu et al. 2020 [77]
Pt/TiO2 Cellulose – (Natural Sunlight)

–

(33 µmol over 4 h)

 Speltini et al. 2014 [17]
TiO2/NiOx@Cg Cellulose

–

(500 W Xe)

 0.27 Zhang et al. 2018 [42]
Pt/TiO2 Brewery/Dairy effluent

50

(Solar Simulator)

 ca. 0.286/ca. 0.00 Speltini et al. 2019 [106]
Cu-Ni/TiO2 Brewery/Dairy effluent

50

(Solar Simulator)

 ca. 0.150/ca. 0.080 Speltini et al. 2019 [106]
Cu-Ni/o–g-C3N4 Brewery/Dairy effluent

50

(Solar Simulator)

 ca. 0.040/ca. 0.035 Speltini et al. 2019 [106]
Pt/o–g-C3N4 Brewery/Dairy effluent

50

(Solar Simulator)

 ca. 0.120/ca. 0.110 Speltini et al. 2019 [106]