Table 4.

Cumulative 1–10 and >10–21 year risks and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause dementia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) compared with men without BPH stratified by history of selected chronic diseases and by length of follow-up.

	1–10 -year cumulative risk			>10–21 -year cumulative risk
	BPH cohort% (95% CI)	Comparison cohort% (95% CI)	Adjusted* HR (95% CI)	BPH cohort% (95% CI)	Comparison cohort% (95% CI)	Adjusted* HR (95% CI)
History of cardiovascular disease
Yes	3.40 (3.24–3.57)	3.06 (2.96–3.16)	1.17 (1.11–1.24)	4.32 (3.65–5.07)	3.51 (3.17–3.87)	1.16 (1.01–1.33)
No	2.40 (2.33–2.48)	1.95 (1.91–1.98)	1.19 (1.15–1.23)	3.79 (3.48–4.11)	2.97 (2.82–3.12)	1.17 (1.10–1.23)
History of diabetes
Yes	2.91 (2.64–3.21)	2.70 (2.52–2.89)	1.17 (1.04–1.32)	5.03 (2.22–9.56)	3.20 (2.57–3.94)	1.15 (0.85–1.55)
No	2.59 (2.53–2.66)	2.11 (2.07–2.14)	1.19 (1.15–1.22)	3.83 (3.55–4.13)	3.01 (2.87–3.16)	1.17 (1.11–1.23)
History of hyperlipidemia
Yes	2.31 (2.01–2.63)	2.32 (2.13–2.53)	1.02 (0.88–1.19)	3.56 (2.40–5.07)	4.50 (3.20–6.11)	0.85 (0.59–1.24)
No	2.63 (2.56–2.70)	2.13 (2.09–2.16)	1.19 (1.16–1.23)	3.85 (3.57–4.16)	3.00 (2.87–3.14)	1.17 (1.11–1.24)
History of hypertension
Yes	2.74 (2.55–2.93)	2.75 (2.61–2.89)	1.09 (1.00–1.18)	2.84 (2.32–3.45)	3.13 (2.48–3.88)	1.08 (0.86–1.35)
No	2.60 (2.53–2.67)	2.08 (2.04–2.11)	1.20 (1.16–1.24)	3.91 (3.62–4.23)	3.01 (2.87–3.16)	1.17 (1.11–1.24)
History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Yes	2.24 (2.02–2.47)	2.19 (2.04–2.34)	1.10 (0.98–1.24)	3.61 (2.74–4.64)	3.31 (2.46–4.34)	1.23 (0.92–1.64)
No	2.64 (2.57–2.71)	2.13 (2.10–2.17)	1.19 (1.16–1.23)	3.86 (3.57–4.16)	3.01 (2.87–3.16)	1.17 (1.10–1.23)

*Adjusted for age, time period of diagnosis/index date, income and employment status in the year before index date, obesity, renal failure and the diseases presented in the table (except the stratifying variable). All included covariates were measured at the date of BPH diagnosis/index date.