Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients.
| Midazolam (N = 56) |
Olanzapine (N = 54) |
Haloperidol (N = 57) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
| Age (median, IQR) | 44 | (34, 54) | 40 | (30,54) | 42 | (33, 55) |
| Male | 34 | (61) | 38 | (70) | 24 | (42) |
| Perceived possible cause | ||||||
| Drug/substance abuse | 16 | (31) | 14 | (27) | 19 | (37) |
| Alcohol intoxication | 15 | (28) | 12 | (23) | 13 | (25) |
| Underlying mental illnesses | 47 | (87) | 45 | (83) | 46 | (84) |
| Non-compliance to usual medication | 24 | (47) | 22 | (43) | 18 | (35) |
| Suicidal ideation/attempt | 18 | (34) | 17 | (33) | 18 | (35) |
| Prior sedative drug | 1a | (2) | 1b | (2) | 1c | (2) |
| Concurrent psychotropic medications (any antipsychoticsd, antidepressantse, or hypnotics and anxiolyticsf) | 19 | (34) | 17 | (31) | 13 | (23) |
| Baseline sedation score | ||||||
| 3 | 13 | (23) | 16 | (30) | 14 | (25) |
| 4 | 17 | (30) | 21 | (39) | 17 | (30) |
| 5 | 26 | (46) | 16 | (30) | 25 | (44) |
IQR, interquartile range; atramadol 50 mg; bhaloperidol 5 mg; chaloperidol 10 mg dantipsychotics were medications under the British National Formulary (BNF) category 4·2·1 and 4·2·2; eantidepressants were defined as medications under the BNF category 4·3; fhypnotics and anxiolytics were defined as medications under the BNF category 4·1.