Table 1.
Comparison of clinical and demographic characteristics and laboratory results of the deceased and surviving patients
| Overall (n = 302) | Survival status | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deceased (n = 25) | Surviving (n = 277) | |||
| Age, years | 57.1 ± 17.6 | 73.4 ± 13.2 | 55.6 ± 17.2 | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 148 (49.0) | 12 (48.0) | 136 (49.1) | 0.999 |
| Female | 154 (51.0) | 13 (52.0) | 141 (50.9) | |
| Hospital stay setting | ||||
| Ward | 259 (85.8) | 1 (4.0) | 258 (93.1) | < 0.001 |
| Intensive care unit | 43 (14.2) | 24 (96.0) | 19 (6.9) | |
| Comorbid conditions | 199 (65.9) | 24 (96.0) | 175 (63.2) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 80 (26.5) | 13 (52.0) | 67 (24.2) | 0.005 |
| Hypertension | 115 (38.1) | 17 (68.0) | 98 (35.4) | 0.003 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 40 (13.2) | 4 (16.0) | 36 (13.0) | 0.756 |
| Coronary artery disease | 34 (11.3) | 7 (28.0) | 27 (9.8) | 0.014 |
| Congestive heart failure | 11 (3.6) | 3 (12.0) | 8 (2.9) | 0.053 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 16 (5.3) | 3 (12.0) | 13 (4.7) | 0.136 |
| Malignancy | 28 (9.3) | 4 (16.0) | 24 (8.7) | 0.269 |
| COVID-19 treatments | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 300 (99.3) | 25 (100.0) | 275 (99.3) | 0.999 |
| Azithromycin | 289 (95.7) | 24 (96.0) | 265 (95.7) | 0.999 |
| Favipiravir | 70 (23.2) | 17 (68.0) | 53 (19.1) | < 0.001 |
| Tocilizumab | 9 (3.0) | 5 (20.0) | 4 (1.4) | < 0.001 |
| Oseltamivir | 236 (78.1) | 22 (88.0) | 214 (77.3) | 0.321 |
| Low molecular weight heparin | 146 (48.3) | 18 (72.0) | 128 (46.2) | 0.024 |
| Broad spectrum antibiotics | 48 (15.9) | 15 (60.0) | 33 (11.9) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| White blood cell count (× 109/L) | 6.80 [0.93–34.34] | 11.05 [7.82–14.56] | 6.1 [4.74–8.67] | < 0.001 |
| Neutrophil count (× 109/L) | 4.50 [0.59–31.63] | 9.4 [2.3–31.63] | 4.12 [0.59–19.86] | < 0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count (× 109/L) | 1.37 [0.13–4.22] | 0.78 [0.25–3.64] | 1.42 [0.13–4.22] | < 0.001 |
| NLR | 3.1 [0.6–50.0] | 11.6 [2.4–49.2] | 2.9 [0.6–50.0] | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.5 [6.0–16.6] | 11.2 ± 2.2 | 12.4 ± 1.9 | 0.012 |
| RDW (%) | 13.6 [11.7–29.4] | 15.2 ± 1.9 | 14.1 ± 2.0 | 0.015 |
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | 218 [34–553] | 246 ± 83 | 230 ± 83 | 0.336 |
| MPV (fL) | 10.0 [1.0–16.1] | 10.3 [1.0–14.5] | 10.0 [1.0–16.1] | 0.019 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 2.7 [0.1–34.0] | 10.7 [0.2–34.0] | 2.2 [0.1–34.0] | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.1 [0.0–54.6] | 0.7 [0.1–13.4] | 0.1 [0.0–54.6] | < 0.001 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 793 [20–19400] | 3660 [210–9650] | 713 [20–19400] | < 0.001 |
| LDH (U/L) | 294.5 [90.0–1917.0] | 289.0 [230.0–376.0] | 463.0 [368.0–626.0] | < 0.001 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 279.0 [2.1–4835.0] | 813 [87–3295] | 273 [2–4835] | < 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 422 [30–2716] | 409.0 [317.0–525.0] | 627.0 [492.0–706.0] | < 0.001 |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 14.8 [12.4–32.3] | 17.1 ± 3.9 | 15.1 ± 2.0 | 0.018 |
| INR | 1.1 [0.9–38.5] | 1.2 [1.1- 1.4] | 1.1 [1.0- 1.2] | < 0.001 |
| aPTT (seconds) | 31.1 [21.3–50.2] | 35.0 ± 6.0 | 31.2 ± 3.7 | 0.004 |
Bold values denote statistical significance at the p ≤ 0.05 level
aPTT: activated thromboplastin time, INR: international normalized ratio, NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, MPV: mean platelet volume, RDW: red cell distribution width