Table 1.
Fatty acid profile of oleaginous yeasts extracted using various mechanical pretreatment/cell disruption and lipid extraction methods.
| Oleaginous Yeast | Fermentation Medium | Mechanical Pretreatment | Lipid Extraction Method | Fatty Acid Profile (%) | Reference | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C12:0 | C14:0 | C16:0 | C16:1 | C17:0 | C18:0 | C18:1 | C18:2 | C18:3 | C20:0 | C24:0 | |||||
| Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans S2 | Paddy straw | Ultrasonic homogenizer | chloroform and methanol (2:1 v/v) | 5.36 | − | 18.28 | 7.60 | − | 18.64 | 30.84 | 2.36 | − | − | − | [66] |
| Naganishia liquefaciens NITTS2 | Municipal waste activated sludge | Sonication | Chloroform: methanol at (1:1 v/v) | − | 0.6 | 23.1 | - | − | 14.2 | 38.4 | 21.4 | 1.1 | − | − | [67] |
| Yarrowia lipolytica JMY5578 | Yeast extract, dextrose, ammonium chloride and monopotassium phosphate | High voltage electrical discharges | 2 mL of KCl (1 M): methanol solution (4:1, v/v, with 0.034% MgCl2) | − | 0.07 | 22.57 | − | 2.24 | 6.91 | 17.94 | 0.34 | 17.68 | 0.62 | 2.18 | [68] |
| Cryptococcus vishniaccii MTCC 232 | Paper mill sludge extract | Sonicator | Modified Bligh and Dyer method | − | 0.18 ± 0.07 | 24.59 ± 0.45 | − | 1.66 ± 0.32 | 44.50 ± 0.41 | 8.60 ± 0.34 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 2.64 ± 0.09 | − | [69] | |
| Cryptococcus curvatus MUCL 29819 | Acetic Acid | Beads beating | Chloroform:methanol (1:1, v/v) | − | − | 8.38 | 0.40 | 29.75 | 50.37 | 6.44 | 1.50 | − | − | [70] | |
| Yarrowia lipolytica TISTR 5151 | Palm oil mill effluent with gylcerol | Sonicator | Chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) | − | 0.60 | 41.53 | − | 7.09 | 36.99 | 11.90 | 0.44 | − | 0.22 | [71] | |
| Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 | YPD media | Autoclaving | Chloroform:methanol (1:1, v/v) | − | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 29.4 ± 1.0 | − | 18.6 ± 0.8 | 44.9 ± 2.9 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | − | − | − | [21] | |
| Microwave | − | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 31.5 ± 2.0 | − | 18.8 ± 1.1 | 47.6 ± 3.3 | 0.3 ± 0.0 | − | − | − | |||||
| Sonication | − | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 27.0 ± 1.3 | − | 18.3 ± 0.8 | 47.5 ± 3.7 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | − | − | |||||
| Bead beating | − | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 27.4 ± 2.0 | − | 17.8 ± 0.6 | 46.8 ± 2.3 | 6.1 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | − | − | |||||
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D | Nitrogen-limited media | Microwave-assisted methods | Chloroform:methanol (1:1 v/v) | − | − | 13.7 ± 0.3 | − | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 30.0 ± 0.5 | − | − | − | − | [72] | |
| Trichosporon oleaginosus DSM11815 | − | − | 29.7 ± 1.1 | − | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 48.3 ± 0 | 9.8 ± 0.8 | 0.3 ± 0 | − | − | |||||
| Rhodotorula graminis DSM 27356 | − | − | 22.8 ± 0.2 | − | 1.8 ± 0 | 46.9 ± 0.3 | 1.88 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 0 | − | − | |||||
| Lipomyces Starkeyi DSM 70296 | − | − | 31.6 ± 0.2 | − | 10.1 ± 0 | 47.8 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0 | − | − | |||||
| Rhodosporidium Toruloides DSM 70398 | − | − | 27.7 ± 0.9 | − | 14.6 ± 1.2 | 36.6 ± 1.7 | 14.7 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | − | − | |||||
| Yarrowia lipolytica CBS 6124 | − | − | 13.6 ± 0.1 | − | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 46.2 ± 0.5 | 11.2 ± 0.8 | − | − | − | |||||