Table 1.
List of neurons and associated drivers involved in forward and backward locomotion in Drosophila larvae. The name of the neurons, the associated Gal4 driver available from Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center (#BDSC), the type of segmental coordination, and the published function of these neurons are listed here.
| Neurons | Neuron Identity | Drivers (#BDSC Stock) | Segmental Coordination |
Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDL (A27j2) |
GABAergic interneurons | GDL-Gal4 (9-20-Gal4, iav-GAL80), | Inter-segmental coordination | Forward and Backward locomotion |
[25] |
| PMN (A27h) |
Cholinergic premotor interneurons, excitatory |
R36G02-Gal4 (#49939) | Inter-segmental coordination | Forward locomotion |
[25] |
| PMN (A18b) |
Cholinergic premotor interneurons, excitatory |
R94E10-Gal4 (#40689) R94E10-LexA |
Inter-segmental coordination |
Backward locomotion, Escape behavior |
[23] |
| Ifb-Fwd (A01d3) | Cholinergic feedback neurons |
SS02065-Gal4 (R32C05-p65AD, R38E10- GDBD) |
Inter-segmental coordination | Forward locomotion |
[22] |
| Ifb-Bwd (A27K) |
Cholinergic feedback neurons | SS026694-Gal4 (VT020818-AD R91E03-GDBD) |
Inter-segmental coordination | Backward locomotion |
[22] |
| Wave neurons (A02o) |
Cholinergic and glutamatergic |
VT25803-Gal4 (#v202269) | Inter-segmental coordination | Backward Locomotion, Escape behaviour |
[24] |
| MDNS | Cholinergic descending neurons | MDNS- Gal4 (R49F02-AD; R53F07-DBD) |
Inter-segmental coordination | Backward locomotion |
[23] |
| iIN1 | GABAergic inhibitory interneurons | R83H09-Gal4 (#41311) SS01411-Gal4 |
Intrasegmental phase difference | Forward locomotion | [27] |
| PMSIs (A02b and A02m) |
Glutamatergic inhibitory interneurons |
Per-Gal4 | Intrasegmental coordination |
Speed of locomotion | [38] |
| PDM-DN | Cholinergic | PDM-DN-Gal4 | N/A | Chemotaxis | [32] |
| Odd neurons | Cholinergic | odd-Gal4 | N/A | Chemotaxis | [80] |
| SEZ neurons | NP4820-Gal4 | N/A | Chemotaxis | [81] | |
| SEZ-Subset neurons | R23F01-Gal4 | N/A | Chemotaxis | [81] | |
| Pair1/SEZ- DN1 |
GABAergic | R75C02-lexA lexAop-myr:GFP (#54365) |
Intrasegmental coordination |
Backward locomotion/chemotaxis | [23] |
| ELs | EL-Gal4 | Bilateral motor coordination | C-bends and Wavy body postures | [82] | |
| Griddle-2 neurons | GABAergic | JRC-SS0918- split-Gal4 | N/A | Hunch behaviour | [30] |
| fbLN-Hb | GABAergic | JRC-SS0888- split-Gal4 | N/A | Bend behaviour |
[30] |
| Vda/Vdc | Somatosensory neurons |
tutl-GAL4 | N/A | [25] | |
| Late-born ELs | R11F02-Gal4 (#49828) | Bilateral motor coordination | C-bends and Wavy body postures | [82] | |
| Brain and SOG region | BL-GAL4 | Exploratory Behaviour |
[40,41,55,68,69,70,71,72,73] |