Table 3.
Antimicrobial (S. aureus) and antimycobacterial (M. tuberculosis H37 RV) activities and cytotoxicity on murine 3T3 fibroblasts and human lung carcinoma cells A549 of Tamanu oil (TO) extracts, subfractions and selected metabolites.
| Compounds | Microorganisms | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. aureus | M. tuberculosis | 3T3 Fibroblasts | A549 Cells | |
| Diameter (mm) a | MIC (μg/mL) b | IC50 (μg/mL) c | IC50 (μg/mL) | |
| TO | <5 | >150 | ~20 | ~10 |
| MeTO | <5 | >150 | 120 ± 3 | 50.1 ± 2.6 |
| EtTO | 13 ± 1 * | 17.3 ± 0.2 * | 108 ± 4 | 25.6 ± 0.9 * |
| NTR | 23 ± 3 *# | 2.8 ± 0.3 *# | 80 ± 8 | 17.7 ± 2.1 *# |
| ATR | 19 ± 2 *# | 10.2 ± 0.5 *# | 150 ± 6 | 94.7 ± 3.3 *# |
| Fraction P d | 19 ± 2 *# | 7.5 ± 0.2 *# | 89 ± 8 *# | 25.5 ±2.1 *# |
| Inophyllum P | 17 ± 1 *# | 5.7 ± 0.3 *# | 92 ± 4 * | 11.3 ± 0.6 * |
| Inophyllum E | 14 ± 2 * | >15 | 120 ± 9 * | 44.8 ± 2.2 *# |
| Tamanolide D | 12 ± 2 * | 5.1 ± 0.3 *# | 46 ±5 *# | 9.3 ± 1.2 * |
| Calophyllolide | 19 ± 3 *# | >15 | 49 ± 4 *# | 3.1 ± 0.9 *# |
| 12-oxo-Calanolide A | 18 ± 2 *# | >15 | 36 ± 8 *# | 1.9 ± 0.1 *# |
| Calanolide A | 14 ± 1 * | 4.1 ± 0.3 *# | 52 ± 8 *# | 8.2 ± 1.7 *# |
| Inocalophyllin B | 20 ± 2 * | > 15 | 41 ± 5 *# | 4.2 ± 1.3 *# |
| Oxacillin | 30 ± 1 | NDe | ND | ND |
| Streptomycin | ND | 0.4 ± 0.1 | ND | ND |
Results are expressed as means ± SEM of 3 independent experiments made in triplicate. a Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition impregnated at 20 µg/disk. b MIC is defined as the minimum inhibitory concentration. c IC50 is defined as the concentration of compound resulting in 50% viability after 48 h and calculated from concentration–response curves. d Fraction P contains ~70% in weight of inophyllum P. e ND, not determined. Statistics: * p < 0.05 vs. TO and # p < 0.05 vs. EtTO, by one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls test.