Table 5.

Characteristics of studies describing the effects of physical activity on CVDs.

Type of Study	Number of Participants	Primary Outcomes	Year of Publication
Large pooled cohort analysis	>650,000	More leisure time PA was associated with longer life expectancy across a range of activity levels and body mass index (BMI) groups.	2012 [258]
Prospective, observational cohort study	55,137	Running, even 5–10 min/day and at slow speeds (<6 miles/h), is associated with markedly reduced risks of death from all causes and CVD.	2014 [259]
Literature review	-	Analysis of the association between volume of PA, health, CV and overall mortality.	2012 [260]
Literature review	-	Effects of endurance exercise training on CV fitness and general health outcomes. Description of the molecular connections from endurance training to mental health. Analysis of the relationships between T2DM, mitochondria and endurance training.	2018 [243]
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	-	Overall results suggest that aerobic exercise lowers LDL in adults with T2DM.	2017 [261]
Randomized controlled trial	36	Prolonged exercise is more effective than multiple short sessions to reduce the risk of MetS and the atherogenic index in middle-aged obese women.	2017 [262]
Literature review	-	Analysis of the latest knowledge on myokines and muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk.	2018 [263]