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. 2021 Jan 25;13(2):351. doi: 10.3390/nu13020351

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The GIP gene is localized on human chromosome Chr17q21.32 and encodes 153-amino acid (aa) proprotein, which is processed to 42-aa protein glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). GCG gene is localized on human chromosome Chr2q24.2 and encodes preproglucagon—180-aa protein, which undergoes differential posttranslational processing in a particular type of cell. Proteolytic processing of proglucagon by prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) in the intestine generates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), oxyntomodulin, intervening peptide 2 (IP2) and glicentin. Prohormone convertase 2 (PC2) activity in the pancreas forms glucagon, glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide (GRPP), intervening peptide 1 (IP1), and major proglucagon fragment.