Table 3.
Clinical characterization according to rs2277438 A/G (RANKL) in the control and osteoporosis group.
| Parameters | OP | CTRs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs2277438 A/G (RANKL) | GG (N = 3) | AG (N = 42) | AA (N = 73) | p-Value | GG (N = 3) | AG (N = 45) | AA (N = 140) | p-Value |
| Menopause (years) | 13.0 (10.0–15.0) | 10.0 (5.0–15.0) | 8.0 (4.0–15.0) | 0.19 | 4.5 (4.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 0.26 |
| BMD Spine | 0.70 ± 0.00 | 0.81 ± 0.06 | 0.83 ± 0.05 | 0.18 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 |
| BMD (DF left) | 0.73 ± 0.15 | 0.82 ± 0.15 | 0.80 ± 0.12 | 0.41 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.03 ± 0.12 | 1.05 ± 0.12 | 0.30 |
| BMD (DF right) | 0.77 ± 0.15 | 0.81 ± 0.14 | 0.81 ± 0.12 | 0.88 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.04 ± 0.12 | 1.04 ± 0.12 | 0.78 |
| Average BMD | 0.73 ± 0.17 | 0.82 ± 0.13 | 0.81 ± 0.11 | 0.70 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.05 ± 0.12 | 1.06 ± 0.11 | 0.80 |
| 25(OH) D (nmol/L) | 70 (68–72) | 62.2 (28.3–84.4) | 80.7 (41.3–102.4) | 0.02 | 68 (45–81) | 53 (29–78) | 57.8 (34.4–82.9) | 0.66 |
| VDBP (µg/mL) | 5.4 (5.4–5.4) | 7.0 (5.9–29.3) | 20.2 (6.5–85.4) | 0.15 | 17.1 (6.0–28.2) | 6.4 (5.4–11.2) | 19.0 (6.2–53.8) | 0.10 |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 0 | 16.8 (7.6–41.2) | 11.4 (7.0–43.5) | 0.58 | 13.2 (2.2–24.2) | 8.0 (5.5–12.5) | 12.2 (7.1–20.4) | 0.67 |
| OPG (ng/mL) | 0.8 (0.8–0.8) | 0.8 (0.7–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) | 0.93 | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.07 |
| RANK-L (ng/mL) | 16.6 (5.4–27.7) | 34.4(23.0–54.7) | 32.1(20.4–54.9) | 0.45 | 65.1 (65.1–65.1) | 35.2 (25.3–64.5) | 33.7 (20.9–66.1) | 0.77 |
| OC (ng/mL) | 10.4 (10.4–10.4) | 14.8 (8.2–22.4) | 10.8 (5.7–17.0) | 0.41 | 25.9 (20.4–31.3) | 8.1 (3.8–16.2) | 6.7 (3.3–12.2) | 0.29 |
| OPN (ng/mL) | 3.1 (3.1–3.1) | 3.2 (2.6–4.4) | 2.3 (1.2–3.7) | 0.07 | 4.8 (1.9–7.7) | 2.3 (1.8–3.0) | 2.4 (1.2–3.6) | 0.87 |
| SOST (ng/mL) | 2.0 (2.0–2.0) | 1.4 (1.1–2.5) | 1.6 (0.9–2.3) | 0.88 | 2.1 (0.9–3.2) | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | 0.23 |
| NTx (nmol/L) | 65.7 (31.9–99.4) | 55.3 (43.0–92.9) | 58.4 (40.9–68.3) | 0.49 | 44.4 (44.4–44.4) | 49.6 (33.4–68.2) | 50.4 (41.4–62.6) | 0.37 |
| β-crosslap (ng/mL) | 0 | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.23 | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 0.96 |
| T. Pyrid (ng/mL) | 0 | 12.3 (9.2–20.7) | 11.7 (6.0–21.9) | 0.66 | 8.3 (8.3–8.3) | 15.5 (7.5–36.0) | 18.8 (5.4–33.7) | 0.63 |
| TGF-β (ng/mL) | 17.9 (17.9–17.9) | 41.2 (18.9–52.0) | 34.5 (20.6–47.8) | 0.97 | 47.5 (47.5–47.5) | 38.9 (34.0–42.9) | 42.1 (35.6–53.4) | 0.59 |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 0 | 18.2 (14.2–40.3) | 19.1 (13.3–38.2) | 0.94 | 11.3 (11.3–11.3) | 13.3 (11.9–38.4) | 18.3 (12.1–43.0) | 0.88 |
| IL1β (pg/mL) | 5.7 (5.7–5.7) | 1.7 (0.4–2.7) | 1.6 (0.3–2.8) | 0.86 | 0.4 (0.30.4) | 1.6 (0.6–2.3) | 1.7 (0.3–2.7) | 0.68 |
Note: Data presented as mean ± standard deviation for normal variables and median (1st quartile–3rd quartile) for non-normal variables; p-value < 0.05 considered significant; GG genotype was excluded from ANOVA analysis because of limited sample size. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), hip to waist ratio (WHR), bone mineral density (BMD), dual femur (DF), osteoprotegerin genes (OPG), receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25 (OH)D), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN), the serum concentration of sclerostin (SOST), serum N-terminal telopeptide (NTx), total pyridinoline (T.Pyrid), C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (β-cross lap), tumor growth factor β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β).