Table 1.
Interrupted time-series analysis of changes in trends of antimicrobial consumption.
| Outcomes | Pre-Intervention Trend |
Change in Level a |
Change in Trend b |
Relative Effect c % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total J01+J02 | 1.83 (−2.14 to 5.80) |
−13.98 (−35.65 to 7.69) |
−3.52 (−7.57 to 0.52) |
−62.3 (−84.5 to −40.1) |
| Total antibiotics (J01) | −0.65 (−2.84 to 1.54) |
−17.22 (−29.17 to −5.28) |
−0.27 (−2.49 to 1.95) |
−32.4 (−99.2 to 34.5) |
| Total antifungals (J02) | 2.54 (−0.12 to 5.20) |
3.31 (−11.12 to 17.74) |
−3.32 (−6.04 to −0.60) |
−80.4 (−90.9 to −69.9) |
| Carbapenems | −0.01 (−0.69 to 0.66) |
−0.67 (−4.33 to 2.99) |
−0.20 (−0.89 to 0.49) |
−68.8 (−126.0 to −10.6) |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 0.63 (−0.25 to 1.51) |
7.78 (3.30 to 12.27) |
−0.86 (−1.78 to 0.07) |
−67.3 (−96.9 to −38.6) |
|
Antipseudomonal
cephalosporins |
−0.55 (−1.57 to 0.47) |
−10.79 (−16.18 to −5.41) |
0.77 (−0.29 to 1.82) |
105.1 (−195.6 to 405.8) |
| Quinolones | 0.16 (−1.16 to 1.47) |
−18.45 (−25.29 to −11.62) |
−0.45 (−1.82 to 0.93) |
−85.0 (−102.0 to −68.1) |
| Amikacin | −0.03 (−0.46 to 0.39) |
1.68 (−0.51 to 3.87) |
−0.05 (−0.48 to 0.39) |
0.1 (−410.8 to 413.6) |
| Glycopeptides | 0.01 (−0.55 to 0.56) |
0.68 (−2.27 to 3.62) |
−0.17 (−0.74 to 0.40) |
−70.5 (−138.9 to −2.1) |
Data are presented as quarterly defined daily doses per 100 occupied bed days with a 95% confidence interval, unless otherwise specified. a Increase or decrease in the first quarter after the start of the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) period with respect to the expected value. b Change in slope for the ASP period. c Percentage difference between the expected value according to the pre-intervention trend and the trend nine years after the start of the ASP.