Table 2.
Comparison of Baseline and Follow-Up (15 week) Measures by Paired t-test Within Each Diet Group and ANCOVA Between Diet Groups.
| LCHF Diet (n = 32) |
LF Diet (n = 18) |
p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-Up | Baseline | Follow-Up | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Weight, kg | 100.1 (24.7) | 94.0 (24.1) *** | 105.3 (18.9) | 102.1 (19.4) ** | 0.1615 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 36.1 (7.7) | 33.9 (7.4) *** | 37.4 (6.9) | 36.3 (7.1) ** | 0.1713 |
| Fat, % | 45.3 (7.4) | 42.6 (7.7) *** | 45.8 (5.2) | 44.3 (5.3) *** | 0.0864 |
| REE, kcal/day | 1562.6 (275.8) | 1531 (285.7) | 1613.7 (339.6) | 1556.3 (304.9) | 0.1199 |
| Region Fat Mass—DXA | |||||
| Total Fat, kg | 46.1 (15.8) | 40.7(15.0) *** | 48.7 (13.2) | 45.8 (12.9) ** | 0.055 |
| Appendicular Fat, kg | 20.3 (8.7) | 23.6 (6.4) *** | 21.7 (6.8) | 20.6 (7.1) ** | 0.193 |
| Trunk Fat, kg | 25.3 (9.1) | 21.9 (8.1) *** | 26.0(7.7) | 24.2 (7.2) ** | 0.049 |
| Android Fat, kg | 4.6 (1.8) | 3.9 (1.6) *** | 4.7 (1.4) | 4.3 (1.4) *** | 0.027 |
| Gynoid Fat, kg | 7.8 (3.0) | 6.8 (2.9) *** | 7.9 (2.7) | 7.4 (2.5) ** | 0.068 |
| Visceral Fat, kg | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.4 (1.0) *** | 1.8 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.019 |
| Region Lean Mass—DXA | |||||
| Total lean, kg | 50.6 (11.4) | 50.1 (1.2) | 52.7 (7.2) | 52.4 (7.7) | 0.997 |
| Trunk lean, kg | 23.7 (5.5) | 23.3 (5.7) * | 24.0 (3.1) | 23.8 (3.3) | 0.804 |
| Android lean, kg | 3.8 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.0) ** | 3.8 (0.6) | 3.8 (0.6) | 0.542 |
| Gynoid lean, kg | 8.1 (1.9) | 7.8 (1.9) ** | 8.1 (1.1) | 8.1(1.2) | 0.250 |
| Appendicular lean, kg | 23.7 (5.8) | 23.6 (6.4) | 25.3 (4.3) | 25.3 (4.5 | 0.996 |
| Serum Analytes | |||||
| Glucose, mg/dl | 109.4 (39.6) | 103.4 (12.6) | 107.7 (33.5) | 116.7 (59.4) | 0.2529 |
| Insulin, µU/mL | 14.0 (9.1) | 12.3(8.2) | 18.0 (11.1) | 21.5 (18.2) | 0.1230 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.0 (3.4) | 3.2 (2.4) *** | 5.4 (5.7) | 6.3 (5.9) * | 0.0627 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 121.0 (69.1) | 96.0 (61.1) * | 134.9 (75.3) | 132.3 (83.7) | 0.0875 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 66.1 (16.6) | 65.3 (16.2) | 58.1(16.2) | 58.5 (12.5) | 0.9360 |
| LDL, mg/dl | 113.0 (26.6) | 113.5 (30.5) | 101.3 (36.3) | 104.4 (30.1) | 0.3278 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 203.3 (31.1) | 198.0 (35.8) | 186.4 (35.8) | 184.3 (30.8) | 0.6262 |
Data given as mean (SD); DXA—Dual X-ray-Absorptiometry; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p< 0.001 for paired-t test comparing baseline and follow-up. p value for ANCOVA comparison of change variable between LCHF and LF groups, controlling for age, sex, race, and baseline measures. Bold p-values indicate significant.