Table 3.
Comparison of change between baseline and follow up by insulin sensitivity and diet group with pairwise contrast within and between diet group.
| LCHF Diet (n = 32) |
LF Diet (n=18) |
Within Diet Contrasts | Between Diet Contrasts | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCHF Diet | LF Diet | IR | IS | |||||
| Insulin Resistant (n = 17) |
Insulin Sensitive (n = 15) |
Insulin Resistant (n = 11) |
Insulin Sensitive (n = 7) |
IR vs. IS | IR vs IS | LCHF vs. LF | LCHF vs. LF | |
| Demographics | p-Value | p-Value | p-Value | p-Value | ||||
| Weight, kg | −6.3 (5.3) | −6.0 (5.2) | −2.5 (4.6) | −4.2 (4.4) | 0.7730 | 0.4432 | 0.0761 | 0.3207 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | −2.2 (1.9) | −2.2 (2.0) | −0.9 (1.8) | −1.4 (1.4) | 0.7479 | 0.5400 | 0.0896 | 0.2694 |
| Fat, % | −2.7 (3.0) | −2.8 (2.7) | −1.4 (1.1) | −1.6 (1.9) | 0.9672 | 0.8715 | 0.1682 | 0.2785 |
| REE, kcal/day | −46.2 (223.4) | 3.9 (134.3) | −92.4 (14.6) | −38.2 (140) | 0.7855 | 0.5209 | 0.2949 | 0.6271 |
| Serum Analytes | ||||||||
| Glucose, mg/dL | −17.3 (45.3) | 3.9 (7.6) | 13.6 (39.5) | 1.6 (12.3) | 0.1702 | 0.3926 | 0.1093 | 0.7917 |
| Insulin, µU/mL | −6.4 (8.8) | 2.5 (7.5) | 2.5 (19.9) | 5 (10.9) | 0.1016 | 0.7273 | 0.0827 | 0.7624 |
| HOMA−IR | −2.4 (3.8) | 0.7 (1.9) | 0.8 (6.1) | 1.2 (2.5) | 0.8911 | 0.8608 | 0.0267 * | 0.0895 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | −42.6 (79.2) | −9.6 (27.9) | −5.6 (64.9) | 2.1 (21.8) | 0.2057 | 0.8310 | 0.0614 | 0.7537 |
| HDL, mg/dL | −2.4 (8.6) | 0.6 (10.2) | 3.6 (8.1) | −4.7 (9.4) | 0.0448 * | 0.5996 | 0.3598 | 0.1342 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 1.5 (35.4) | −0.4 (22.2) | −0.3 (10.5) | −3.4 (26.0) | 0.5551 | 0.7674 | 0.9664 | 0.3967 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | −9.5 (34.5) | −1.7 (25.9) | −1.5 (15.3) | −7.7 (21.8) | 0.1132 | 0.5854 | 0.3945 | 0.2539 |
| Region Fat Mass—DXA | ||||||||
| Total Fat, kg | −6.0 (3.4) | −4.8 (3.8) | −2.7 (3.1) | −3.4 (3.5) | 0.7579 | 0.6532 | 0.1341 | 0.3413 |
| Appendicular Fat, kg | −3 (4.0) | −1.8 (1.4) | −0.7 (1.0) | −1.5 (1.8) | 0.1523 | 0.5187 | 0.0298 * | 0.9288 |
| Trunk Fat, kg | −4.1 (2.4) | −2.9 (2.5) | −1.9 (2.7) | −1.8 (1.8) | 0.5034 | 0.9746 | 0.0844 | 0.0844 |
| Android Fat, kg | −0.9 (0.5) | −0.6 (0.5) | −0.4 (0.4) | −0.4 (0.3) | 0.3810 | 0.9198 | 0.0367 * | 0.2895 |
| Gynoid Fat, kg | −1 (0.7) | −0.9 (0.7) | −0.4 (0.7) | −0.8 (0.6) | 0.8396 | 0.2321 | 0.0395 * | 0.6548 |
| Visceral Fat, kg | −0.4 (0.4) | −0.2 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.2) | 0.1606 | 0.6264 | 0.0182 * | 0.6133 |
| Region Lean Mass—DXA | ||||||||
| Total lean, kg | −0.3 (2.4) | −0.6 (2.0) | 0.2 (1.6) | −1 (2.5) | 0.7220 | 0.2214 | 0.5537 | 0.2876 |
| Trunk lean, kg | 0.2 (1.3) | −0.3 (1.3) | 0.2 (1.6) | −0.3 (1.3) | 0.6762 | 0.4284 | 0.9850 | 0.6177 |
| Android lean, kg | −0.5 (1.2) | −0.3 (1.0) | 0 (1.1) | −0.6 (1.3) | 0.2428 | 0.2961 | 0.2210 | 0.3196 |
| Gynoid lean, kg | −0.2 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.2) | 0 (0.1) | −0.1 (0.3) | 0.2888 | 0.4527 | 0.0558 | 0.9607 |
| Appendicular lean, kg | −0.2 (0.4) | −0.2 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.4) | −0.1 (0.3) | 0.7326 | 0.7984 | 0.3111 | 0.7242 |
Data given as means (s.d.). IR-Insulin Resistant. IS-Insulin Sensitive. DXA-Dual X-ray-Absorptiometry. Paired contrasts adjusted for sex (M/W) and race (EA/AA). * p < 0.05.