Table 1.

Response of some vegetable crops to biofortification ⁽¹⁾.

Element	Crop	Scopus® Papers (n.)	Average Concentration (2) (mg kg−1 FW)		Average Increase	Application Dose to Roots or Leaves (mg L−1)
			Min	Max		Min	Max
Ca	Basil	1	950	1100	0.2-fold	100	200
Ca	Endive	1	1020	1080	0.1-fold	100	200
Ca	Indian colza	2	928	3000	2.2-fold	6	1603
Ca	Lettuce	2	695	2683	2.9-fold	0	800
Ca	Mizuna	1	1250	1400	0.1-fold	100	200
Ca	Potato	1	144	245	0.7-fold	350	5200
Ca	Tatsoi	1	1100	1150	1.1-fold	100	200
Mg	Indian colza	2	290	1059	2.7-fold	4	486
Mg	Onion	1	652	1627	1.5-fold	0	150
I	Basil	2	1	287	>100-fold	0.1	127
I	Cabbage	3	0.1	2.5	34.4-fold	0.1	0.6
I	Carrot	7	0.1	7.8	>50-fold	1	50
I	Chinese cabbage	3	0.1	48.7	>100-fold	0.1	50
I	Cowpea	2	4	1566	>100-fold	0.7	15
I	Lettuce	18	2	42.0	17.9-fold	0.1	50
I	Mizuna	2	0	1.0	>50-fold	0.7	1.1
I	Mustard	2	0	0.4	41-fold	0.7	1.1
I	Onion	1	0	1.0	>50-fold	0	5
I	Potato	3	0.1	0.7	11.3-fold	0.6	5
I	Spinach	8	4.5	22.4	4.0-fold	1	5.1
I	Tomato	5	0.1	12.0	>100-fold	1	634
Zn	Arugula microgreens	1	3.0	70	22.3-fold	0	10
Zn	Broccoli	1	9.4	133	13.2-fold	121	408
Zn	Cabbage	4	4.1	39.1	8.6-fold	5	260
Zn	Carrot	1	42.1	802	18.1-fold	2.8	303
Zn	Indian colza	1	2.5	167	>50-fold	0	32.7
Zn	Kale	1	5.8	167	27.8-fold	2.8	303
Zn	Lettuce	3	2.2	30.4	12.8-fold	5.2	60
Zn	Okra	1	3.0	5.0	0.7-fold	2.8	303
Zn	Onion	1	2.5	7.8	2.1-fold	0	10
Zn	Potato	3	2.7	4.9	0.8-fold	9.7	250
Zn	Red cabbage microgreens	1	2.5	75	29-fold	0	10
Zn	Red mustard microgreens	1	2.1	92	42.8-fold	0	10
Se	Basil	4	0	8.3	>100-fold	2	12
Se	Broccoli	1	1.1	19.2	15.7-fold	10	100
Se	Carrot	3	0.1	1.8	35-fold	0.3	3.9
Se	Chard	1	0	0.5	45-fold	0	10
Se	Cucumber	1	0	0.2	7.6-fold	0	30
Se	Endive	1	0.1	1.2	23.6-fold	0.3	0.6
Se	Garlic	2	0.1	6.1	>50-fold	0.1	15
Se	Indian mustard	1	0	0.5	>50-fold	0	50
Se	Lettuce	12	0.1	6.9	>100-fold	0.5	20
Se	Onion	3	0.4	17.7	49.5-fold	2.0	20
Se	Potato	4	0.1	1.6	16.6-fold	0.5	0.8
Se	Radish	4	0.3	18.2	>50-fold	1	23.7
Se	Spinach	2	0.1	2.2	21.1-fold	0.2	0.3
Se	Strawberry	1	0.5	3.0	5.2-fold	0	4
Se	Tomato	3	0.3	3.4	9.1-fold	5	20
Se	Turnip	1	0.4	10.6	24.3-fold	0.2	2
Fe	Arugula microgreens	1	4.9	111	21.6-fold	0	40
Fe	Lettuce	1	2.3	4.3	0.9-fold	0.8	112
Fe	Red cabbage microgreens	1	7.7	448	>50-fold	0	40
Fe	Red mustard microgreens	1	4.9	323	>50-fold	0	40
Fe	Sweet potato	1	185	253	0.4-fold	0	100
Cu	Spinach	1	0.5	3.0	4.5-fold	0	3
Si	Basil	1	41.2	293	6.1-fold	0	100
Si	Chard	1	500	1450	1.9-fold	0	2.5
Si	Chicory	2	17.2	95	4.5-fold	0	101
Si	Green bean	1	57	252	3.4-fold	0	101
Si	Kale	1	700	2800	3-fold	0	2.5
Si	Mizuna	1	20	110	4.5-fold	0	100
Si	Purslane	1	14.8	98	5.6-fold	0	100
Si	Strawberry	1	475	8075	16-fold	0	100
Si	Swiss chard	1	18	145	7.1-fold	0	100
Si	Tatsoi	1	18	70	2.9-fold	0	100

⁽¹⁾ The list reports the most representative horticultural crops. In this and in the following tables, data refer to research on Scopus^® using “biofortification” and “vegetables” as keywords performed in November 2020. Papers which tested more than one species were counted more than one time. ⁽²⁾ Calculated in the edible portion.