Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to the presence or absence of the primary endpoint.
| Primary Endpoint | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | All (n = 140) | Absent (n = 103) | Present (n = 37) | p |
| Men | 60 (42.9) | 40 (38.8) | 20 (54.1) | 0.110 |
| Age, years | 84.0 (77.0, 88.0) | 82.0 (76.0, 88.0) | 86.0 (83.0, 89.0) | 0.018 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.3 (20.4, 26.6) | 22.4 (20.8, 27.5) | 22.1 (19.9, 24.1) | 0.008 |
| Hypertension | 126 (90.0) | 96 (93.2) | 30 (81.1) | 0.035 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 32 (22.9) | 22 (21.4) | 10 (27.0) | 0.485 |
| Dyslipidemia | 45 (32.1) | 38 (36.9) | 7 (18.9) | 0.045 |
| Current smoker | 49 (35.0) | 33 (32.0) | 16 (43.2) | 0.223 |
| Prior hospitalization for heart failure | 19 (13.6) | 13 (12.6) | 6 (16.2) | 0.587 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 18 (12.9) | 15 (14.6) | 3 (8.1) | 0.318 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 79 (56.4) | 59 (57.3) | 20 (54.1) | 0.736 |
| Prior PCI | 14 (10.0) | 12 (11.7) | 2 (5.4) | 0.281 |
| Prior CABG | 5 (3.6) | 5 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 0.175 |
| Valve repair/placement | 14 (10.0) | 12 (11.7) | 2 (5.4) | 0.281 |
| Pacemaker implantation | 14 (10.0) | 7 (6.8) | 7 (18.9) | 0.035 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACEIs/ARBs | 55 (39.3) | 43 (41.7) | 12 (32.4) | 0.323 |
| β-blockers | 48 (34.3) | 39 (37.9) | 9 (24.3) | 0.139 |
| CCBs | 72 (51.4) | 55 (53.4) | 17 (45.9) | 0.440 |
| Loop diuretics | 79 (56.4) | 54 (52.4) | 25 (67.6) | 0.113 |
| MRAs | 26 (18.6) | 16 (15.5) | 10 (27.0) | 0.125 |
| Antiplatelets | 31 (22.1) | 27 (26.2) | 4 (10.8) | 0.053 |
| Oral antidiabetic agents | 22 (15.7) | 17 (16.5) | 5 (13.5) | 0.671 |
| Statins | 35 (25.0) | 31 (30.1) | 4 (10.8) | 0.020 |
| Anticoagulants | 22 (15.7) | 46 (44.7) | 17 (45.9) | 0.894 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.0 ± 2.09 | 11.2 ± 2.10 | 10.3 ± 1.94 | 0.017 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.62) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.56) | 1.27 (0.79, 1.75) | 0.364 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 42.2 (29.0, 56.0) | 43.0 (29.0, 55.0) | 41.0 (26.2, 59.6) | 0.530 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.6 (3.2, 3.9) | 3.6 (3.4, 3.9) | 3.4 (2.9, 3.7) | 0.001 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.43 (0.17, 1.45) | 0.36 (0.15, 1.08) | 0.86 (0.24, 1.59) | 0.581 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 453.0 (260.4, 699.0) | 464.0 (246.8, 739.4) | 411.0 (269.9, 659.5) | 0.107 |
| Troponin I (pg/mL) | 32.7 (15.2, 84.7) | 33.0 (14.3, 84.7) | 28.9 (16.3, 70.8) | 0.520 |
| Hemoglobin A1C (%) | 5.9 (5.6, 6.5) | 5.9 (5.6, 6.5) | 5.9 (5.6, 6.6) | 0.871 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 76 (57, 98) | 78 (62, 98) | 67 (50, 94) | 0.110 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46 ± 14.4 | 48 ± 13.8 | 41 ± 15.5 | 0.047 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 97 ± 36.7 | 102 ± 37.1 | 81 ± 30.8 | 0.014 |
| EPA (μg/mL) | 46.6 (30.7, 64.2) | 48.0 (31.9, 67.8) | 39.6 (28.0, 55.0) | 0.076 |
| DHA (μg/mL) | 116.1 (96.7, 144.9) | 126.7 (99.1, 149.8) | 102.8 (94.3, 119.5) | 0.009 |
| AA (μg/mL) | 159.8 (133.8, 194.5) | 167.1 (144.2, 195.0) | 139.1 (110.5, 180.7) | 0.001 |
| DGLA (μg/mL) | 23.6 (19.6, 30.5) | 24.2 (20.1, 32.5) | 22.2 (18.4, 27.1) | 0.019 |
| EPA/AA | 0.26 (0.20, 0.40) | 0.27 (0.20, 0.40) | 0.26 (0.21, 0.39) | 0.812 |
| DHA/AA | 0.74 (0.62, 0.89) | 0.74 (0.60, 0.90) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.88) | 0.287 |
| AA + DGLA/EPA + DHA | 1.15 (0.90, 1.38) | 1.15 (0.90, 1.42) | 1.14 (0.95, 1.32) | 0.481 |
| GNRI | 97.7 ± 12.03 | 99.9 ± 11.59 | 90.8 ± 10.84 | < 0.001 |
Categorical variables are presented as number of patients (%). Continuous variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ACEs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; CCBs, calcium channel blockers; MRAs, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DGLA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid; AA, arachidonic acid; DHA/AA, ratio of DHA to AA; AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA, ratio of AA+DGLA to EPA+DHA; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index.