Table 2.
List of FDA approved biopolymers used in the formation of self-assembled structures for controlled delivery.
| Formulation | Therapeutic(s) Delivered | Medical Application | Benefits | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Micelles | ||||
| PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL (10 nm) |
Dexamethasone Docetaxel |
Ocular Delivery Oncology |
Extended Release | [35] [107] |
| PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA (77–84 nm) |
US597@micelles | Oncology | Sustained oral formulation | [36] |
| PLA-b-PEG (<200 nm) |
Rifampin | Bacterial infections | Micelle morphology and release profile controlled by the stereocomplex structure of PLA | [38] |
| Pluronics® (<60 nm) |
Genistein, paclitaxel and quercetin Hydrochorothiazide |
Oncology Diuretic |
Extended Release | [40] [91] |
| PGA-b-PAE (100–200 nm) |
Cisplatin | Oncology | Improved drug loading with small sized micelles | [108] |
| PLL-b-DOCA-b-mPEG (<200 nm) |
Curcumin | Oncology | Prolonged blood circulation time and provided successful biodistribution images | [109] |
| PEG-b-Pasp (22 to 60 nm) |
Diminazene aceturate | ** | Non-covalent interactions to form polyionic micelles | [110] |
| PLH-b-PEG (112 nm) |
Paclitaxel | Oncology | Fast pH controlled drug release and cell internalization | [111] |
| PEI-g-PVP (142 nm) |
Folic acid | ** | Drug loaded through electrostatic interaction. Drug release rate moderated by pH | [112] |
| PDMAEMA-PCL (<150 nm) |
siRNA and paclitaxel | Oncology | Co-delivery of drugs with different physicochemical properties | [113] |
| PEG-b-PLL-b-PLLeu (100–125 nm) |
Docetaxel and siRNA-Bcl-2 | Oncology | Cationic micelles for passive targeting of cancer cells | [114] |
| PIHCA-Tween80 (<320 nm) |
Doxorubicin | Oncology | Spherical nanoparticles with high loading percentages | [115] |
| Hydrogels | ||||
| Pluronics® | Lidocaine | Topical Formulations | Release rate was controlled through the viscosity of the hydrogel | [42] |
| Sodium alginate-HPMC | Cripofloxacin Hydrochloride | Ocular | pH responsive release system | [43] |
| PCL-b-PEG-b-PCL | Dexamethasone Insulin |
** Glucose control |
Extended Release | [116] [45] |
| PEO-b-PHB-b-PEO | FITC-Dextran | ** | Extended Release | [46] |
| PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA | Levonorgestrel DNA |
Birth Control Gene therapy |
Extended Release | [117] [118] |
| OncoGelTM | Paclitaxel | Solid tumors | Extended Release | [119] |
| PAH/Chitosan | Ciprofloxacin hydrochlorine monohydrate | ** | Release of hydrophilic and/or unstable agents | [120] |
| Vesicles (Polymersomes/Liposomes) | ||||
| PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA (200–300 nm) |
Atorvastatin and lisinopril | Oncology | High encapsulation efficiency of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs | [48] |
| mPEG-b-(PPLG-g-MSA) * (20 nm) |
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride | ** | Micelles formed through electrostatic interactions | [49] |
| PLL-b-PBLG-b-PEO (<300 nm) |
Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel | Pancreatic cancer | Temperature- and pH responsive release | [51] |
| PEG-b-PLA (<200 nm) |
Active beta-galactosidase | Enzyme Replacement Therapy | pH responsive release system | [53] |
| PS (100 nm) |
Arsenic Trioxide | Glioblastoma Multiform (GBM) | pH responsive system | [121] |
| Lecithin/Chitosan (240 nm–1 μm) |
Tamoxifen citrate | Oncology | Oral administration. Relese rate controlled by enzymatic degradation | [122] |
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), Pluronics® (PPO-PEO), poly(γ-L-glutamic acid) (PGA), poly(L-phenylalanine ethyl ester) (PAE), poly(L-Lysine) (PLL), methyl-PEG (mPEG), poly(aspartamic acid) (PasP), poly(L-histidine) (PLH), poly(ethylene amine) (PEI), poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(L-Leucine) (PLLeu), deoxycholic acid (DOCA), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), poly(hydroxy butyrate) (PHB), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG), phosphatidylserine (PS), poly(isohexyl-cyanoacrylate) (PIHCA), poly(allylamine hydrochlorine) (PAH). * poly(γ-propargyl) (PP) is not FDA-approved. ** These papers did not discuss potential medical applications of the self-assembled system of interest.