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. 2021 Jan 22;13(2):140. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020140

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Adenovirus-based vectors. (A) A map of the human adenovirus type 5 (HAd5) genome. It consists of early genes (E1–E4) that suppress cell responses against the virus, and are responsible for the replication and regulation of viral transcription. The late genes (L1–L5) encode the structural proteins of the virus. (B) A first-generation adenovirus-based vector (8-kb packaging capacity) in which the E1 and E3 genes have been deleted. (C) A second-generation vector in which the E2 and E4 genes have been deleted to increase packaging capacity (14-kb packaging capacity). For packaging, the plasmid harboring the transgene is transfected with a helper plasmid for the expression of viral genes E1, E2, and E4.