Table 7.

Final multivariable meta-regression model.

Variable	Coefficient	95% CI	p-Value
Country
Belgium	Reference
Brazil	−0.538	−0.747–−0.329	<0.001
India	0.705	0.587–0.823	<0.001
Italy	−0.099	−0.257–0.059	0.218
Japan	−0.188	−0.352–−0.024	0.025
Netherlands	0.081	−0.010–0.172	0.083
Nigeria	−0.359	−0.664–−0.053	0.021
Portugal	−0.464	−0.679–−0.249	<0.001
Spain	0.093	−0.032–0.218	0.145
Thailand	−0.527	−0.879–−0.175	0.003
Turkey	−0.555	−0.804–−0.306	<0.001
United Kingdom	−0.062	−0.172–0.047	0.266
United States of America	−0.526	−0.723–−0.329	<0.001
Companion Animal
Dog	Reference
Cat	−0.029	−0.067–0.009	0.141
Horse	0.017	−0.099–0.133	0.772
Ostrich	0.064	−0.144–0.271	0.548
Parrot	−0.049	−0.162–0.064	0.397
Pheasant	0.496	0.253–0.738	<0.001
Rabbit	0.743	0.513–0.973	<0.001
Sample Type
Fecal	References
Cloacal swab	0.070	−0.127–0.267	0.485
Rectal swab	0.161	0.041–0.281	0.009
Urine	−0.357	−0.637–−0.078	0.012
Detection Method
Enrichment culture
Agar dilution	0.514	0.345–0.683	<0.001
Broth microdilution	1.296	1.115–1.476	<0.001
Disc diffusion	0.616	0.368–0.864	<0.001
Constant	0.079	0.004–0.154	0.039