Table 4.

Summary of prediction accuracies of animal sound classification.

Animals or Dataset	Classification Target	Approach	Descriptor	Accuracy (%)
BIRD [49]	Forty-six species	Handcrafted features with SVM	BSIF	88.8
WHALE [48]	Whale identification	Deep learning	CNN	97.8
BIRDZ [50]	Eleven bird species		Vgg-19	96.6
Cow [19]	Oestrus detection	Ensembles of deep learning	Fus_Spec + Fus_Scatter + CNN	98.7
Sheep, cattle, dogs [30]	Classification between three animals’ vocal	MFCC with SVM	Correlation-based Feature Selection	Over 94 accuracy
Chicken [51]	Avian-influenza detection	MFCC with SVM	Discrete wavelet transform	At least 95.78 (cattle)
Chicken [52]	Eating behavior	Deep learning	PV-net	96.0