Table 3.
Cases of mania and serotonin toxicity associated with the intake of Garcinia cambogia supplements in humans.
| Reference | Ageyears | Sex | Previous Psychiatric History | Type of Supplement and Treatment Duration | Psychotropic/Antidepressant Drugs | Symptoms | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lopez et al., 2014 [63] | 35 | W | No | 1000 mg Garcinia cambogia (60% HCA), chromium, potassium and calcium 2 capsules, 3 times/day. 2–3 months. |
Yes: escitalopram (SSRI). 1 year. |
Stuttering speech pattern, spontaneous ankle clonus, bilateral ocular clonus, rhythmic jaw movements, profuse sweating, hypertension, tachycardia, and hyperreflexia. | Serotonin toxicity associated with Garcinia cambogia ingestion. |
| Hendrickson et al., 2016 [64] | 50 | M | Type I bipolar disorder |
Garcinia cambogia: 2 capsules/day. 2 months. |
No: he had been stable off medications for 6 years. | Irritability, pressured speech, grandiosity, excessive spending, increased social activity and decreased need for sleep. | Bipolar I disorder, manic, severe. |
| 25 | M | No |
Garcinia cambogia: 1–2 capsules/day.2 months. |
No | Inflated self-esteem, grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, increased activity, excessive spending, pressured speech, paranoia and religious delusions. | Bipolar I disorder, manic, severe with psychosis. | |
| 34 | W | Type II bipolar disorder and past SSRI-induced hypomania |
Garcinia cambogia For 1–2 months. |
Yes: aripiprazole, bupropion and topiramate. | Irritability, pressured speech, decreased need for sleep and agitation. | Recurrence of bipolar disorder type II, hypomania, moderate. | |
| Cotovio et al., 2017 [65] | 51 | W | Type I bipolar disorder | Garcinia cambogia, calcium, chromium and potassium. | Yes: paroxetine (SSRI) and valproic acid | Irritability, agitation, increased energy and decreased need for sleep. | Hypomanic episode associated with ingestion of Garcinia cambogia. |
| Nguyen et al., 2019 [66] | 22 | W | No |
Garcinia cambogia PlusTM: 500 mg Garcinia cambogia per capsule (60% HCA) 1 capsule/day during de first 5 days and then 3 capsules/d during the next 5 days. |
No | Expansive mood, psychomotor agitation, disorganized and pressured speech, flight of ideas, grandiosity, delusions and auditory hallucinations. | Mania and psychosis secondary to Garcinia cambogia ingestion. |
M: men; W: women; SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.