Figure 1.

Percentages of survival (A) and plantlet regrowth (B) of encapsulated Castanea sativa embryonic axes (EAs) after exposure to Plant Vitrification Solution 2 (PVS2) for increasing times, with (LN+) or without (LN−) subsequent immersion in liquid nitrogen. EAs were encapsulated in WPM medium containing 2.5% (w/v) sodium alginate. Encapsulated EAs were treated for 60 min with a loading solution (2.0 M glycerol, 0.4 M sucrose), followed by treatment with PVS2 at 0 °C for 30–120 min, prior to direct immersion in LN for 1 h. Control EAs received no LS and PVS2 treatments. Within each line (LN− and LN+), data followed by different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 by LSD test (bars, SE of means).