Figure 3.

Plant regeneration from cryopreserved embryonic axes of Castanea sativa by encapsulation–vitrification. (A) Excised embryonic axes (EAs) used for cryopreservation. (B) Encapsulated EAs in 2.5% sodium alginate with (AC+) or without (AC−) 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal in the artificial matrix. (C) Survived encapsulated (AC+) EAs after cryopreservation and 20 days of postculture. (D) Primary plantlet development 2 weeks after survival assessment cryopreserved by encapsulation–vitrification procedure. (E) Elongated root and shoot 8 weeks of postculture after cryopreservation. (F) Plantlets established under greenhouse conditions 4 weeks after transfer to soil.