Table 1.

Key virulence factors of M. pneumoniae.

Pathogenic Mechanism	Virulence Factor	Gene Annotation	Reference
Adherence	P1	MPN 141	[31]
	P30	MPN 453	[32,33]
	P40 (Protein C)	MPN 142	[34]
	P90 (Protein B)	MPN 142	[34]
	P200	MPN 567	[35]
	Hypothetical protein HMW1-3 (high molecular weight)	MPN 447/310/452	[36]
	P116	MPN 213	[36]
	P65	MPN 309	[37]
	Elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu)	MPN 665	[38,39,40]
	Pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit B	MPN392	[41]
	Glycolytic enzymes enolase	MPN606	[41,42]
	TopJ	MPN 119	[43]
Immune evasion	Nuclease	MPN 491	[44]
	Immunoglobin binding protein (IbpM)	MPN 400	[45]
Inflammation injury	H2O2	/	[46]
	Reactive oxygen species (ROS)	/	[46]
	H2S	/	[47]
	HapE enzyme	MPN 487	[47,48]
	Oxidase GlpO	MPN 051	[49]
	Membrane lipids	/	[50]
	Membrane lipoproteins	/	[51]
	Capsular materials	/	[52]
Cytotoxicity	Community-Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) toxin	MPN 372	[53,54]
	Cytotoxic nuclease	MPN 133	[55]
Gliding motility	P65	MPN 309	[37]
	P30	MPN 453	[32]
	Hypothetical protein MPN387	MPN 387	[56]
	P24	MPN 312	[57]
	P41	MPN 311	[57]