Table 3.
Relationship between HEI and Depression among Adults aged 20 years or older.
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Sex (reference, Male) | |||
| Female | 1.799 (1.787, 1.791) | 1.850 (1.847, 1.852) | 1.889 (1.887, 1.892) |
| Age group (reference, 20–24 y) | |||
| 25–49 y | 1.669 (1.665, 1.673) | 1.495 (1.491, 1.499) | 1.472 (1.468, 1.476) |
| 50+ y | 2.128 (2.123, 2.133) | 1.968 (1.963, 1.973) | 1.827 (1.822, 1.832) |
| Race (reference, Non-Hispanic White) | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.963 (0.961, 0.965) | 0.958 (0.956, 0.960) | 0.958 (0.956, 0.960) |
| Mexican American | 0.535 (0.534, 0.537) | 0.670 (0.668, 0.672) | 0.656 (0.655, 0.658) |
| Other races | 0.976 (0.974, 0.978) | 1.062 (1.060, 1.064) | 1.048 (1.046, 1.050) |
| Education level (reference, <High school) | |||
| High school/GED | 0.812 (0.810, 0.813) | 0.848 (0.846, 0.849) | 0.852 (0.850, 0.853) |
| Some college/AA degree | 0.835 (0.833, 0.836) | 0.952 (0.950, 0.953) | 0.962 (0.961, 0.964) |
| College or more | 0.479 (0.478, 0.480) | 0.647 (0.646, 0.649) | 0.655 (0.653, 0.656) |
| Household income (reference, 0–130% FPL) | |||
| >130–350% FPL | 0.407 (0.406, 0.407) | 0.456 (0.456, 0.457) | 0.456 (0.455, 0.457) |
| >350% FPL | 0.230 (0.230, 0.231) | 0.274 (0.273, 0.274) | 0.277 (0.276, 0.277) |
| HEI status (reference, Inadequate) | |||
| Average | 0.766 (0.765, 0.767) | 0.842 (0.841, 0.843) | 0.848 (0.846, 0.849) |
| Optimal | 0.378 (0.377, 0.379) | 0.448 (0.447, 0.450) | 0.455 (0.453, 0.456) |
| BMI (reference, Normal or low weight) | |||
| Overweight | 0.844 (0.843, 0.846) | 0.833 (0.832, 0.835) | |
| Obese | 1.341 (1.339, 1.343) | 1.265 (1.263, 1.267) | |
| Smoking status (reference, Never) | |||
| Former | 1.286 (1.284, 1.288) | 1.274 (1.272, 1.276) | |
| Current | 2.546 (2.542, 2.550) | 2.564 (2.560, 2.568) | |
| Drinking status (reference, None) | |||
| Light | 0.955 (0.954, 0.957) | 0.971 (0.969, 0.973) | |
| Moderate | 0.702 (0.701, 0.703) | 0.722 (0.720, 0.723) | |
| Heavy | 1.141 (1.139, 1.144) | 1.181 (1.179, 1.184) | |
| Diabetes (reference, No) | |||
| YES | 1.637 (1.634, 1.640) | ||
FPL = family income to poverty; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. Model 1 = adjusted for demographics characteristics (i.e., sex, age group, race, income, and education); Model 2 = Model 1 covariates + BMI, smoking, and drinking status; Model 3 = Model 2 covariates + diabetes.