Figure 5.

(A) Global spread of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus after its first detection in England in 1935. Colored circles show first detections within individual countries over three eras: yellow = 1935–1985; red = 1986–2006; blue = 2007–2016. This virus is readily seed-borne and was disseminated between continents, and across regions and countries, inadvertently, by the international cucurbit seed trade (figure credit @Volcani Center/Aviv Drombovsky). Figure modified from [39]. (B) Global spread of zucchini yellow mosaic virus after its first detection in Italy in 1973 (red arrow). During the following decade, it appeared in all continents with tropical, subtropical, Mediterranean, and temperate climates. It is seed-borne and was inadvertently disseminated between continents, and across regions and countries. This dissemination occurred mostly by the international cucurbit seed trade, but less often by infective aphid vectors blown in wind currents or international trade in infected fruit. The figure shows countries, and in some instances states within countries, reporting infection up to 2018 (figure credit @Washington State University/Naidu Rayapati). Figure from Supplementary data in [9].