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List of licensed vaccine adjuvants.
| Adjuvants | Formulation and Type | Year of Approval | Vaccines |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alum | Aluminum salts | 1930s | A number of vaccines (e.g., tetanus and diphtheria vaccines) |
| MF59 | Squalene emulsion (Novartis) | 1997 | Seasonal influenza vaccine |
| AS04 | MPL adsorbed on Alum adjuvant | 2009 | HPV vaccine |
| AS03 | Squalene emulsion (GlaxoSmithKline) | 2013 | Pre-pandemic H5N1 vaccine |
| AS01 | MPL/QS21 in liposome | 2015 | RTS,S malaria vaccine |
| CpG 1018 | 22-mer oligonucleotide | 2017 | Hepatitis B VLP vaccine |
