Table 1.

Surface element analysis evaluated with XPS.

Sample	Ti, at %		Fe, at %		C, at %			O, at %		Ca, at %	N, at %
Ti-Fe as prepared	2.3		8.2		43.5			44.4		0.3	2.9 C-N
	2.0 TiO2	0.3 Ti0	7.7 F2O3	0.5 Fe0	31.6 other C	11.9 CO32−		23.2 oxide	21.2 CO32−	Ca2+
Ti-Fe laser treated	14.6		4.5		34.6			44.9		0.2	1.2
	11.9 TiO2	2.7 Ti0	4.0 F2O3	0.5 Fe0	28.6 other C	2.1 carbide	3.9 CO32−	25.5 oxide	19.4 CO32−	Ca2+	1.1 C-N	0.1 nitride