Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the participants according to malnutrition as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) consensus (n = 167).
| No Malnutrition | Malnutrition | Mean Differences | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 92) | (n = 75) | (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age (years) | 66.7 (SD 8.8) | 66.3 (SD 9.5) | 0.4 (−2.43 to 3.17) | 0.796 |
| Dyspnea (mMRC scale) | 2.1 (SD 0.9) | 2.2 (SD 1.0) | −0.7 (−0.4 to 0.2) | 0.657 |
| Respiratory function test: | ||||
| - %FEV1/FVC | 49.0 (SD 12.8) | 41.6 (SD 11.7) | 1.9 (3.6 to 11.3) | <0.001 |
| - FEV1 (% pred.) | 42.0 (SD 14.2) | 33.9 (SD 13.2) | 8.1 (3.9 to 12.3) | <0.001 |
| - FVC (% pred.) | 66.1 (SD 14.7) | 62.9 (SD 20.1) | 3.2 (−2.2 to 8.6) | 0.241 |
| - TLC (% pred.) | 100.7 (SD 20.0) | 107.7 (SD 21.8) | −7.0 (−14 to 0.04) | 0.051 |
| - DLCO (% pred.) | 49.9 (SD 17.5) | 37.9 (16.2) | 12.0 (6.3 to 17.8) | <0.001 |
| Six-minute walking distance (m) | 402.0 (SD 96.2) | 391.5 (SD 133.2) | 10.5 (−26.2 to 47.3) | 0.572 |
| Six-minute walking distance (% pred.) | 84.7 (SD 20.4) | 75.2 (SD 21.4) | 9.5 (3.05 to 16.0) | 0.004 |
| BODE index | 2.7 (SD 2.0) | 3.4 (SD 2.1) | −0.7 (−1.4 to −0.09) | 0.023 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.7 (SD 5.4) | 22.4 (SD 4.4) | 8.3 (6.8 to 9.8) | <0.001 |
| Bioimpedance body composition: | ||||
| - Fat-free mass (kg) | 52.2 (SD 9.8) | 41.7 (SD 7.3) | 10.5 (7.7 to 13.4) | <0.001 |
| - Fat-free mass (% pred.) | 97.2 (SD 14.2) | 78.0 (SD 11.5) | 19.2 (14.9 to 23.5) | <0.001 |
| - Fat mass (kg) | 32.2 (SD 11.6) | 21.3 (SD 10.9) | 10.9 (7.2 to 14.6) | <0.001 |
| - Fat mass (% pred.) | 179.1 (SD 71.2) | 119.8 (SD 64.6) | 59.3 (36.8 to 81.8) | <0.001 |
| - Water (L) | 42.2 (SD 8.3) | 34.6 (SD 6.2) | 7.5 (5.11 to 10.0) | <0.001 |
| - Water (% body weight) | 58.2 (SD 67.9) | 56.3 (SD 8.1) | 1.8 (−14.3 to 18.0) | 0.825 |
Abbreviations: BODE: body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity; DLCO: carbon monoxide diffusing capacity; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC: forced vital capacity; TLC: total lung capacity; % pred.: percentage of predicted value; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council. Significant HR (p < 0.05) indicated in bold.