Table 3.
Changes in polar fractions of different vegetable oils across 80 frying cycles.
| Type of Oils | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Frying Cycles | PO | SFO | SBO | RPO |
| Polymerized TAG (%) |
0th | 0.001 ± 0.001 Cc | 0.40 ± 0.02 Ba | 0.12 ± 0.01 Cb | 0.01 ± 0.01 Cc |
| 16th | 2.81 ± 0.70 BCc | 7.50 ± 0.10 Aa | 5.92 ± 0.30 Bb | 2.51 ± 0.10 Cc | |
| 32nd | 5.78 ± 0.20 ABc | 12.6 ± 0.60 Ab | 14.8 ± 0.20 Aa | 6.21 ± 0.10 Bc | |
| 48th | 8.18 ± 0.30 Ab | 15.3 ± 0.50 Aa | 14.1 ± 0.86 Aa | 10.1 ± 1.52 Aab | |
| 64th | 7.29 ± 2.21 ABb | 17.6 ± 0.85 Aa | 16.3 ± 0.79 Aa | 10.5 ± 0.30 Aab | |
| 80th | 10.3 ± 0.10 Ab | 16.7 ± 0.33 Aa | 16.2 ± 0.71 Aa | 11.1 ± 0.14 Ab | |
| Oxidized TAG (%) |
0th | 0.47 ± 0.01 Db | 1.84 ± 0.01 BCa | 1.81 ± 0.36 Ba | 0.42 ± 0.10 Db |
| 16th | 5.00 ± 0.80 Cab | 7.66 ± 0.70 Ca | 6.59 ± 0.20 ABab | 4.22 ± 0.08 CDb | |
| 32nd | 7.88 ± 0.90 BCa | 8.52 ± 0.30 BCa | 6.54 ± 1.60 Aba | 8.81 ± 0.96 BCa | |
| 48th | 9.72 ± 0.90 ABa | 9.69 ± 0.70 BCa | 8.63 ± 1.40 Aa | 14.3 ± 1.80 Aa | |
| 64th | 11.9 ± 0.07 Ab | 10.5 ± 0.30 ABc | 11.40 ± 0.20 Abc | 13.2 ± 0.10 ABa | |
| 80th | 12.6 ± 0.50 Aa | 9.81 ± 1.70 Aa | 10.9 ± 0.40 Aa | 13.5 ± 1.20 Aa | |
| DAG (%) | 0th | 6.84 ± 0.01 Aa | 1.55 ± 0.04 BCb | 1.00 ± 0.09 Bb | 3.47 ± 0.90 Bb |
| 16th | 8.08 ± 0.20 Aa | 1.06 ± 0.05 Cc | 1.10 ± 0.01 Bc | 5.71 ± 0.20 ABb | |
| 32nd | 7.45 ± 0.20 Aa | 1.41 ± 0.02 BCc | 1.64 ± 0.40 Ac | 5.94 ± 0.20 ABb | |
| 48th | 7.86 ± 0.01 Aa | 1.43 ± 0.03 BCb | 1.88 ± 0.30 Abb | 7.13 ± 0.50 Aa | |
| 64th | 9.54 ± 1.30 Aa | 2.01 ± 0.02 ABb | 2.11 ± 0.09 Abb | 7.42 ± 0.50 Aa | |
| 80th | 8.70 ± 0.01 Aa | 2.47 ± 0.40 Ab | 2.45 ± 0.01 Ab | 8.25 ± 0.70 Aa | |
| Total (%) | 0th | 7.33 ± 0.01 Eb | 4.05 ± 0.08 Bb | 3.09 ± 0.40 Db | 3.96 ± 1.01 Db |
| 16th | 15.9 ± 0.70 Da | 16.3 ± 0.50 BCa | 13.7 ± 0.50 Cab | 12.6 ± 0.30 Cb | |
| 32nd | 21.2 ±0.90 Ca | 22.7 ± 0.90 ABa | 23.2 ± 1.80 Ba | 21.0 ± 0.80 Ba | |
| 48th | 25.8 ±1.20 Ba | 26.6 ± 0.20 ABa | 24.8 ± 0.20 Ba | 31.5 ± 3.60 Ba | |
| 64th | 29.2 ± 0.40 ABa | 30.2 ±1.10 ABa | 29.9 ± 1.10 Aa | 31.2 ± 0.90 Aa | |
| 80th | 31.7 ± 0.70 Aa | 29.1 ± 2.40 Aa | 29.6 ± 0.30 Aa | 33.0 ± 1.90 Aa | |
PO, palm olein; SFO, sunflower oil; SBO, soya bean oil; RPO, red palm olein. Mean value ± standard error (n = 2). A–E Values within the same column with different uppercase letters are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) for each parameterr. a–c Values within the same row with different lowercase letters are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) for each parameter.