Table 2.

Frequency of correct, incorrect, and uncertain answers for statements about knowledge of antimicrobials’ use and resistance.

Knowledge Items	Correct		Incorrect		Uncertain
	n	%	n	%	n	%
K1: “Superbugs” are microorganisms which generate antimicrobial resistance. They include bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites.	176	47.3	98	26.3	98	26.3
K2: Resistance DNA in bacteria can be transferred to other bacteria by virus.	207	55.6	113	30.4	52	14.0
K3: Antimicrobial resistance in hospital setting is higher than community setting.	278	74.7	50	13.4	44	11.8
K4: The main objective of antimicrobial stewardship is to achieve the most effective clinical outcome with less toxicity and adverse reactions to antimicrobials.	283	76.1	80	21.5	9	2.4
K5: Penicillin, cephalosporin, and fluoroquinolone are β-lactam antibiotics. You need to consider Beta-lactamase producing bacteria.	262	70.4	107	28.8	3	0.8
K6: Patients who are allergic to Amoxicillin (Anaphylaxis type) should not use Cephalexin.	332	89.2	30	8.1	10	2.7
Knowledge Items	Yes		No		Uncertain
	n	%	n	%	n	%
K7: Is it appropriate? When a pharmacist dispenses amoxicillin 1500 mg a day, 7 days for a 26-year-old male with allergic rhinitis, high-grade fever, rhinorrhoea, sore throat, and no known drug allergy.	297	79.8	61	16.4	14	3.8
K8: Is it appropriate? When a pharmacist dispenses only mineral powder for a 2-year-old boy with watery diarrhoea, no mucous/bloody stool, no fever, no vomiting, and no known drug allergy.	330	88.7	35	9.4	7	1.9
K9: Is it appropriate? When a pharmacist dispenses dicloxacillin 250 mg four time a day for 5 days to prevent an infection in case of a 24-year old male who has had a skin abrasion wound on his right arm without exudates for 2 days, limited to subcutaneous layer, mild tenderness, no swelling, no active bleeding, no fever, and no known drug allergy.	256	68.8	81	21.8	35	9.4