Table 1.
Cytokine and chemokine profiles for mice on day 4 post-infection with M92, USA400, and USA300 MRSA strains.
| USA300-C2406 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Role | Cytokine/Chemokine | Mock Infected conc. | M92 conc. |
USA400- CMRSA7 conc. | USA300- C2406 conc. | Vs. Mock Infected | Vs. M92 |
Vs. USA400- CMRSA7 |
| Protection | IL-17A | 0.0185 (0.0017–0.0416) |
1.072 † (0.0768–2.2690) |
0.1850 (0.0454–0.3744) |
0.8985 (0.4565–1.4555) |
|||
| IL-1a | 37.9831 (25.0558–45.3151) |
29.6027 (10.8897–54.1207) |
20.2297 (6.1071–33.1123) |
30.2987 (20.9430–39.5406) |
||||
| IL-1b | 0.5015 (0.2672–0.8363) |
9.356 † (2.06583–18.1579) |
1.3075 (0.1432–2.9846) |
7.3872 (3.9964–11.6633) |
||||
| Severity | IL-4 | 0.0129 (0.0097–0.0183) |
0.0273 (0.0122–0.0553) |
0.0215 (0.0119–0.0339) |
0.0918 (0.0680–0.1042) |
** | ** | ** |
| IL-6 | 0.0270 (0.0000–0.049) |
1.418 (0.1269–4.8495) |
1.1344 (0.1020–2.7832) |
16.3018 (5.1485–37.0610) |
* | * | * | |
| IFNγ | 0.0000 (0.0000–0.0000) |
0.0666 (0.0000–0.2207) |
0.0150 (0.0000–0.0748) |
0.1793 (0.0664–0.3274) |
** | ** | ||
| TNFa | 0.0684 (0.000–0.1614) |
0.7811 (0.2561–2.0464) |
0.2644 (0.2373–0.5366) |
1.6897 (0.9215–2.6344) |
** | ** | ||
| GM-CSF | 0.1779 (0.0000–0.5163) |
0.6738 (0.0000–1.2190) |
0.5376 (0.0000–0.9983) |
1.8187 (0.6250–2.9474) |
** | * | ** | |
| G-CSF | 0.1111 (0.0000–0.4109) |
81.6 † (19.2325–115.1702) |
8.7264 (3.864253–22.4210) |
175.9966 (102.2350–224.3600) |
** | * | ** | |
| M-CSF | 0.0775 (0.0492–0.1206) |
0.3669 (0.2111–0.6281) |
0.4481 (0.1236–0.8643) |
14.6826 (2.4079–40.4880) |
* | * | * | |
| KC | 2.3430 (1.7789–3.2617) |
19.8096 (2.0290–47.4260) |
5.7795 (2.2214–12.5455) |
70.1897 (37.6055–135.1504) |
** | * | ** | |
| MIP-2 | 1.0161 (0.3052–1.7494) |
223.4 † (154.0767–271.0803) |
230.60† (219.8402–241.4560) |
357.2018 (246.9371–480.9945) |
** | * | ||
| IL-12(p70) | 0.0702 (0.0169–0.1461) |
0.1498 (0.0987–0.2221) |
0.1746 (0.0593–0.1578) |
0.3607 (0.0000–0.6981) |
* | |||
| IL-12(p40) | 0.0086 (0.0000–0.0305) |
0.0160 (0.0000–0.0392) |
0.01974 (0.0000–0.0765) |
0.0736 (0.0000–0.2041) |
||||
| Rantes | 0.0190 (0.0000–0.0335) |
0.4183 † (0.2961–0.6175) |
0.4276 † (0.2293–0.7087) |
0.3085 (0.1040–0.4368) |
* | |||
| IL-15 | 1.8561 (0.7573–3.7306) |
0.5533 † (0.0000–1.5679) |
0.7991 (0.0496–1.1612) |
0.9902 (0.5022–1.3107) |
||||
| IL–10 | 0.1976 (0.0878–0.3272) |
0.2875 (0.1620–0.3606) |
0.2817 (0.1698–0.4221) |
0.3899 (0.1375–0.5556) |
||||
| Growth factor | VEGF | 0.0621 (0.0425–0.0883) |
1.1501 (0.2439–2.8221) |
0.2536 (0.0873–0.6286) |
3.1011 (1.6067–4.7437) |
** | * | ** |
| Remaining Th1 and Th2 cytokines | IL-2 | 0.5800 (0.3685–0.7409) |
0.3426 (0.1942–0.5813) |
0.4792 (0.3380–0.7139) |
0.4275 (0.2350–0.6595) |
|||
| IL-9 | 3.3111 (2.3307–4.6925) |
2.5649 (1.7161–4.4603) |
2.8168 (1.7129–4.9587) |
2.6974 (1.6700–3.9570) |
||||
| IL-13 | 0.0000 (0.0000–0.0000) |
0.0794 (0.0000–0.2386) |
0.0327 (0.0000–0.1635) |
0.1067 (0.0000–0.2262) |
||||
| Other cytokines (tissue injury, infection, allergic diseases) | IL-5 | 0.0033 (0.0000–0.0131) |
0.0142 (0.0000–0.0195) |
0.0173 (0.0139–0.0203) |
0.2271 (0.1089–0.5159) |
** | ** | ** |
| LIF | 0.0241 (0.0072–0.0560) |
0.2109 (0.0948–0.3703) |
0.0890 (0.0356–0.1318) |
3.9190 (2.0239–7.280) |
** | ** | ** | |
| LIX | 0.0086 (0.0000–0.0431) |
0.0000 (0.0000–0.0000) |
0.000 (0.0000–0.0000) |
1.8256 (0.0690–3.9411) |
* | * | * | |
| MCP-1 | 0.3565 (0.2727–0.5333) |
3.2274 (1.2843–4.9421) |
1.5886 (0.9464–1.8880) |
12.1896 (6.0745–21.0912) |
** | ** | ** | |
| MIP-1a | 0.6512 (0.4869–0.8522) |
5.2930 (0.6879–12.8468) |
2.9084 (0.5998–6.7366) |
37.4366 (12.7200–85.4010) |
** | * | * | |
| MIP-1b | 0.0000 (0.0000–0.0000) |
2.058 (0.4973–5.3016) |
1.3585 (0.6601–3.5958) |
13.7665 (6.1825–25.9812) |
** | ** | ** | |
| MIG | 3.3655 (1.4177–5.2275) |
8.3413 (2.6754–17.4490) |
11.3525 (3.9570–34.2732) |
5.4001 (3.3130–8.5667) |
||||
| Other cytokines (immune cell development, virus infection, aging) | IP-10 | 0.0963 (0.0529–0.1781) |
0.8319 (0.0987–2.0276) |
0.4538 (0.15725–0.7421) |
1.7451 (0.7332–3.9248) |
* | ||
| Eotaxin | 0.6111 (0.2139–1.2606) |
3.5192 † (0.9022–5.4013) |
1.9032 (1.1310–2.8953) |
4.3125 (1.0695–7.3215) |
** | |||
| IL-3 | 0.0015 (0.0000–0.0075) |
0.0681 (0.0183–0.1806) |
0.1669 (0.0475–0.3370) |
0.1577 (0.0395–0.2731) |
* | |||
| IL-7 | 0.1743 (0.0000–0.7500) |
0.1810 (0.0817–0.2839) |
0.0696 (0.0057–0.2083) |
0.2900 (0.1815–0.3531) |
* | |||
Note: Conc., mean concentration (pg/mg) and range (minimum–maximum); †, p < 0.05 when compared to mock-infected group; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05 when USA300-C2406 compared with mock-infected group and the other 2 MRSA strains.