Table 4.
Multiple linear regression of potential factors related to maternal serum n-6/n-3 and AA/EPA ratios.
| Fatty Acids Serum Profile First Trimester | Fatty Acids Serum Profile Third Trimester | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | p | B | SE | p | |
| n-6/n-3 ratio | ||||||
| Constant | 17.13 | 1.50 | <0.001 | 33.93 | 4.95 | <0.001 |
| Educational level | ||||||
| Low | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| Medium | −1.19 | 0.64 | 0.063 | −1.43 | 1.87 | 0.444 |
| High | −3.30 | 0.67 | <0.001 | −5.26 | 2.03 | 0.010 |
| Age group | ||||||
| <25 years | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| 25–30 years | 0.68 | 0.85 | 0.421 | 0.06 | 2.32 | 0.977 |
| >30 years | −0.17 | 0.82 | 0.828 | −2.57 | 2.24 | 0.251 |
| BMI (0: < 25 kg/m2, 1: ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 1.15 | 0.53 | 0.033 | 1.98 | 1.83 | 0.282 |
| Physical activity (0: sedentary, 1: active) | 1.54 | 0.87 | 0.078 | 1.28 | 1.78 | 0.471 |
| Smoking (0: non-smoke, 1: smoker) | 2.70 | 0.72 | <0.001 | 4.58 | 1.93 | 0.019 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption (0: no, 1: yes) | 0.57 | 0.90 | 0.526 | −1.54 | 2.78 | 0.579 |
| Fish and seafood consumption (g/day) | −0.03 | 0.01 | <0.001 | −0.07 | 0.02 | 0.008 |
| Intervention group (iron supplementation dosage) |
−0.02 | 0.68 | 0.769 | |||
| 40 mg/day | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| 20 mg/day | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.344 | −1.26 | 1.90 | 0.507 |
| 80 mg/day | −1.06 | 0.58 | 0.70 | −0.04 | 1.76 | 0.979 |
| R2CX100 = 16.6 | F 18,334 = 4.89 | p < 0.001 | R2CX100 = 7.70 | F18,237 = 2.18 | p = 0.004 | |
| AA/EPA ratio | ||||||
| Constant | 37.45 | 5.59 | <0.001 | 63.08 | 12.31 | <0.001 |
| Educational level | ||||||
| Low | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| Medium | −5.46 | 2.38 | 0.023 | −9.24 | 4.69 | 0.050 |
| High | −7.42 | 2.51 | 0.003 | −19.21 | 5.07 | <0.001 |
| Age group | ||||||
| <25 years | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| 25–30 years | −6.39 | 3.16 | 0.044 | −11.05 | 5.84 | 0.060 |
| >30 years | −10.34 | 3.01 | 0.001 | −12.70 | 5.61 | 0.024 |
| BMI (0: < 25 kg/m2, 1: ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 4.08 | 1.99 | 0.042 | 0.318 | 4.56 | 0.945 |
| Physical activity (0: sedentary, 1: active) | 5.73 | 3.20 | 0.074 | 0.31 | 4.56 | 0.945 |
| Smoking (0: non-smoke, 1: smoker) | 3.82 | 2.64 | 0.148 | −2.16 | 4.85 | 0.656 |
| Maternal alcohol consumption (0: no, 1: yes) | 0.54 | 3.35 | 0.871 | 0.25 | 6.87 | 0.970 |
| Fish and seafood consumption (g/day) | −0.16 | 0.03 | <0.001 | −0.26 | 0.70 | <0.001 |
| Bakery consumption (g/day) | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.132 | 0.19 | 0.073 | 0.008 |
| Intervention Group (iron supplementation dosage) |
||||||
| 40 mg/day | Ref | - | - | Ref | - | - |
| 20 mg/day | −0.13 | 2.65 | 0.959 | −1.07 | 4.86 | 0.825 |
| 80 mg/day | −4.35 | 2.16 | 0.045 | −0.198 | 4.38 | 0.964 |
| R2CX100 = 16.9 | F 18,329 = 7.23 | p < 0.001 | R2CX100 = 13.5 | F18,233 = 3.17 | p < 0.001 | |
B, unstandardised coefficient; SE, standard error. Ref, reference category. Level of statistical significance p> 0.05. Variables included in multiple linear regression: educational level, group of age, BMI, smoking status, maternal alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet quality, consumption of fish and seafood, nuts, red and processed meat, lean meat, eggs, bakery and oil (including variables in the first or third trimester according to the timing of fatty acids assessment) and intervention group (iron supplementation of 40 mg/day, 20 mg/day or 80 mg/day). The variables not shown in the table were not significant.