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. 2021 Jan 25;13(2):359. doi: 10.3390/nu13020359

Figure 3.

Figure 3

EPX decreases ROS production and apoptosis induced by blue light in A2E-laden retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. (A,B) Decrease in ROS production by EPX. After treatment with EPX (25–50 μg/mL), ROS level was monitored by DCFH-DA (10 μM, 10 min) in blue light (BL)-exposed A2E-laden RPE cells. The fluorescence was visualized by fluorescence microscopy (A) and quantified using a fluorescence microplate reader (B). CTR—control; DMSO—dimethyl sulfoxide; BL—blue light; + —sample treatment; ROS—reactive oxygen species. The results are presented as the mean ± S.D. (n = 4); * p < 0.05. (C) Reduction of PARP cleavage by EPX. A2E-laden RPE cells were treated with EPX (25–50 μg/mL) for 48 h before BL illumination. Western immunoblot analysis indicated full-length PARP and cleaved PARP (cPARP) protein expression, and the band intensities were quantified by densitometric analysis. cPARP—cleaved PARP. The results are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 3); * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.