Table 5.
Correlations between maternal diet and supplementation and concentrations of iron and zinc in HM.
| Energy and Nutrients in Maternal Diets | Mean ± SD | Median (Interquartile Ranges) | Spearman/Pearson Correlation Coefficient r 1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HM Iron Concentration |
HM Zinc Concentration |
|||
| Energy (kcal) | 1831 ± 485. | 1841 (1493–2104) | −0.201 | −0.148 |
| Protein (g) | 78.6 ± 22.3 | 78.1 (61.8–92.4) | −0.011 | 0.12 |
| Protein (% kcal) | 17.5 ± 3.5 | 17.8 (14.7–19.9) | 0.14 | 0.388 |
| Fat (g) | 63.8 ± 21 | 62.7 (50.4–73.9) | −0.184 | −0.165 |
| Fat (% kcal) | 31 ± 5.9 | 30.1 (27.4–34.4) | 0.045 | −0.308 |
| PUFA (g) | 0.33 ± 0.49 | 0.08 (0.04–0.46) | −0.028 | 0.03 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 255.1 ± 72.1 | 267.3 (190.3–296.7) | −0.183 | 0.009 |
| Carbohydrates (% kcal) | 51.5 ± 6.6 | 52.1 (48.1–55.7) | −0.149 | −0.145 |
| Sucrose (g) | 49.6 ± 32.5 | 39.5 (24.3–61.4) | 0.003 | −0.167 |
| Lactose (g) | 13.2 ± 11.6 | 11.8 (5.3–20.5) | 0.026 | −0.167 |
| Fiber (g) | 21.3 ± 5.9 | 20.8 (16.8–25.4) | −0.023 | −0.012 |
| Sodium (mg) | 2666 ± 874 | 2620 (2062–3160) | 0.241 | −0.001 |
| Potassium (mg) | 3023 ± 659 | 2924 (2516–3476) | −0.001 | 0.017 |
| Calcium (mg) | 746 ± 358 | 710 (517–914) | 0.129 | −0.113 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 1331 ± 356 | 1288 (1042–1482) | −0.012 | −0.112 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 317 ± 83 | 306 (267–336) | −0.089 | −0.088 |
| Iron (mg) | 11.2 ± 2.8 | 10.9 (9.3–13) | −0.055 | <0.001 |
| Iron 2 (mg) | 29.2 ± 20.3 | 17.5 (11.6–46.7) | 0.258 | 0.452 |
| Zinc (mg) | 9.9 ± 1.8 | 9.6 (8.8–11) | 0.104 | 0.001 |
| Zinc 2 (mg) | 13.6 ± 9 | 9.8 (9–12.3) | 0.237 | 0.688 * |
| Iodine (µg) | 106.3 ± 34.6 | 102.2 (86.3–127.2) | 0.124 | 0.067 |
| Vitamin A (µg) | 1160.5 ± 579 | 1023.9 (825.8–1275.1) | −0.134 | −0.4 |
| Vitamin D (µg) | 3 ± 2.4 | 1.9 (1.3–3.5) | 0.081 | 0.366 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 10.1 ± 4.2 | 9.3 (6.7–12.9) | 0.129 | −0.181 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 (1–1.3) | −0.199 | −0.188 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.7 (1.3–2) | 0.02 | 0.135 |
| Vitamin PP (mg) | 15.7 ± 6.1 | 14.6 (10.8–17.7) | −0.071 | 0.341 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | −0.074 | 0.13 |
| Folic acid (mg) | 300.3 ± 82.6 | 281.1 (239.2–371.3) | 0.04 | 0.007 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | 3.7 ± 1.7 | 3.4 (2.3–4.7) | 0.061 | 0.245 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 125 ± 106.7 | 92 (63.6–130.8) | 0.154 | 0.437 |
1 Spearman and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used depending on variable distribution. 2 Diet + supplementation. * p < 0.05.