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Total excavation volume (mL) in colonized galls according to colony composition: a: empty galls; b: galls with a queen of C. truncata; c: galls with a queen of C. scutellaris and aphids (Qa); d: galls with queen, workers, brood of C. scutellaris and aphids (Qwba); e: galls with workers of C. scutellaris only. The SE interval is shown for each bar. The bars with the same letter are not statistically different (one-way ANOVA, see text for further details).
